Na-K liquid alloy:A review on wettability enhancement and ionic carrier selection mechanism |
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Authors: | Xinran Li Jiahao Liu Cheng Chen Jian Yang Ziqiang Xu Mengqiang Wu Yuesheng Wang Zaghib Karim |
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Institution: | 1. School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;2. Center of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage, Hydro-Québec, Varennes, QC J3X1S1, Canada |
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Abstract: | The intrinsic liquid interface of Na-K alloy allays concerns about dendrite growth on metal anodes that are thermodynamically within the room temperature (20–22 °C). Nevertheless, it hinders the formation of a stable electrode structure due to the inferior wettability induced by considerable liquid tension. In addition, the dominant ionic carrier in the Na-K alloy is subject to multiple factors, which is not conducive to customized battery design. This review, based on recently reported frontier achievements on Na-K liquid anodes, summarizes practical strategies for promoting the wettability by high-temperature induction, capillary effect, vacuum infiltration, and solid interface protection. Furthermore, four selection mechanisms of the dominant ionic carrier are presented: (1) ion property dominated, (2) cathode dominated, (3) separator dominated, and (4) solid electrolyte interface dominated. Notably, initial electrolytes in energy storage systems have been unable to play a decisive role in ionic selection. Utilizing a superior wettability strategy and simultaneously identifying the dominant ionic carrier can facilitate the tailored application of dendrite-free Na-K liquid anodes. |
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Keywords: | Liquid electrode Na-K alloy Dendrite inhibition Wettability improvement Carrier selectivity |
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