民用航空煤油的化学组分分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法检测民用航空煤油溶液和蒸汽的化学组分,通过检索NIST 17.L标准谱库和比对标准物质的保留时间定性,使用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量并分析其健康效应。结果表明,民用航空煤油溶液和蒸汽中的化学组分有差异,溶液中的碳数分布为C₇-C₁₅,主要包括烷烃,环烷烃,芳香烃,含氧、含氮化合物,会引起皮肤刺激。而民用航空煤油蒸汽中的碳数分布为C₅-C₁₃,主要包括烷烃,环烷烃,芳香烃,含氧、含氮、含硫化合物,烯烃和苯并杂环化合物,可通过皮肤和呼吸道引起皮炎和呼吸系统刺激,甚至引起中枢神经系统抑制。该研究为民用航空煤油暴露工作场所职业卫生标准的制订提供科学依据,有利于保护职业接触人群的身体健康。

Chemical compositionanalysis of commercial jet fuel

The chemical components of commercial jet fuel and its vapor were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GC-MS).Each component was identified by searching NIST 17.L standard spectrum library and comparing with the retention time of reference materials,and then quantified by peak area normalization method.Besides,the health effects of main components were discussed.The results showed that the chemical components of commercial jet fuel and its vapor were different.The carbon number distribution of the commercial jet fuel was C₇-C₁₅,mainly including alkanes,naphthenes,aromatic hydrocarbons,oxygen-containing and nitrogenous-containing compounds,which could cause skin irritation.But the distribution of carbon number in jet fuel vapor was C₅-C₁₃,mainly including alkanes,naphthenes,aromatic hydrocarbons,oxygen-containing,nitrogenous-containing,sulfur-containing compounds,alkenes and benzohetercyclic ring compounds,which may cause dermatitis and respiratory system stimulation or even central nervous system depression by skin and inhalation.This study can provide scientific basis for the establishment of occupational health standards of commercial jet fuel in workplaces to protect the workers.