N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine as an inexpensive and efficient ligand for palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction

N,N-Dimethyl-beta-alanine was found to be a more powerful phosphine-free ligand than the previously reported ligand, N,N-dimethylglycine, in the Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction for a variety of aryl bromides, aryl iodides, and activated aryl chlorides with a practical turnover number of 10(3). Both kinetic and theoretical studies suggested that N,N-dimethyl-beta-alanine led to faster oxidative addition of an aryl halide to Pd than N,N-dimethylglycine. [reaction: see text]