Cooperative entry of nanoparticles into the cell |
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| Institution: | 1. The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR;1. Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cell membrane is a crucial issue in studying drug delivery, photodynamic therapy system and cytotoxicity. Single NP with relatively small size cannot be fully wrapped by the cell membrane, which prohibits its uptake. One feasible way is cooperative entry, i.e., recruiting and assembling multiple small NPs to form a larger NP cluster to enter into a cell. In this work, we present theoretical analysis about the cooperative entry of multiple NPs. Through free energy calculation we investigate how the NPs? size, shape, interval and NP/cell interfacial binding energy influence the feasibility of entry. Interestingly we find that the cooperative entry of oblate ellipsoidal NPs can get larger energy compensation than individual ones as well as spherical ones. We also propose that soft NPs have preference in cooperative entry of the cell. Our work can be used to actively design and transfer NPs in applications such as drug delivery as well as to understand the shape effect on toxic mechanism of ellipsoidal NPs. |
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| Keywords: | Cellular uptake Nanoparticles Cooperative entry Spherical buds Theoretical work |
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