Catalytic preparation of diacetone alcohol in controlled flow conditions |
| |
Authors: | N Siul N Cikovi and J Jelei |
| |
Institution: | (1) Faculty of Technology, Zagreb;(2) Faculty of Food Technology nad Biotechnology, Zagreb |
| |
Abstract: | Catalytic preparation of diacetone alcohol from acetone was studied using strong basic ion exchangers as catalysts. A continuous process was carried out in an enlarged laboratory set-up with controlled flow rate. Experiments were performed with respect to experiment duration, temperature, flow rate, catalyst porosity and catalyst-acetone ratio. The quantity of DAA was determined by gas chromatography. The effects of temperature, catalyst porosity and catalyst-acetone ratio on the reaction course were significant in comparison with other parameters examined. An exponential dependence of C/A ratio on DAA yield was found.
![Kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1050.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1075.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) (![Dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1040.gif) ) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) , ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1100.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![chcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1073.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![bcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1073.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![yacy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1103.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![softcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1100.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) . ![ecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1101.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1075.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) , ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) , ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) , ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) /![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) . ![Kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1050.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![Dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1040.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1103.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shchcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1097.gif) ![softcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1100.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![gcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1075.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![khcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1093.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![fcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1092.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) . ![Tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1058.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) , ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![softcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1100.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) /![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ( / ) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ycy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zhcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![yacy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1103.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![khcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tscy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1091.gif) ![gcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1075.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) . ![Bcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1041.gif) ![ycy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1099.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![jcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1081.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1101.gif) ![kcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tscy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1100.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![vcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1099.gif) ![khcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1076.gif) ![Dcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Acy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1040.gif) - ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1086.gif) ![shcy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/w3563j4g5437h448/xxlarge1080.gif) / .
|
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|