Sample pretreatment strategies for total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis: A tutorial review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey;2. Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Macka, Trabzon, Turkey;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey;1. Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan;2. EC Research and Development Department, EC Business Unit, JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan;1. Rigaku Corporation, 14-8 Akaoji, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1146, Japan;2. AIST Kansai, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan |
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| Abstract: | In the last years, there has been a revival of total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF), which was firstly applied for analytical purposes in the late 80s. The aim of this work is to discuss and compare the current approaches for sample pretreatment including in situ microdigestion, slurry preparation, acid digestion, extraction, etc. prior to TXRF analysis. Advantages and drawbacks inherent to each of those procedures are considered. A comprehensive revision in the period January 2008–July 2013 about different sample preparation strategies prior to TXRF analysis apart from early pioneering reports dealing with sample pretreatment are included in the review. Non-conventional sample pretreatment approaches such as microflow online preconcentration, lab-on-a-chip, etc., are also discussed.Finally, future prospects in sample preparation prior to TXRF analysis are outlined. |
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