Effect of surface micro-topography of titanium material on the behaviors of rabbit osteoblast in vitro

To study interactions of osteoblast on different topography surfaces of titanium material through in vitro systems, four kinds of micro-topography surfaces on novel titanium material were investigated. They were laser-scanned surface (LS), sandblasted surface (SS), machine-tooled surface (MS) and polished surface (PS). The titanium samples were seeded with osteoblast and maintained for a period of 1-12 days. Adhesion in 24 h, proliferation in 12 days and ALP activity in 11 days were assessed. The cell morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The investigation showed better cell proliferation and best cell osteogenic differentiation on the micro-grooved surface (LS) at the cell scale (50 μm). Furthermore, osteoblast on the micro-grooved surfaces also displayed a more similar morphology to osteoblast in vivo. It was shown that surface micro-texture at the cell scale have a better effect on cell responses than rough surface and surface texture above the cell scale (>100 μm). The regular micro-grooved titanium surface at the cell scale can offer a better cell growth environment compared with the other titanium surfaces.