Grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry; principles and applications |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Petroleum Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Mining Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;3. Zamin Kav Environmental & Geology Research Center, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Mining Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran;1. Institute of Basic Sciences, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, Republic of Korea;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, Republic of Korea;3. Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Consortium/Partner site Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany;3. Clinic of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland;4. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland;5. Center for Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany;6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany;7. Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA;1. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China;2. Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (GEXRF), the sample is irradiated at approximately normal incidence, and only that part of the fluorescence radiation is detected that is emitted at grazing angles. This configuration allows the use of wavelength-dispersive detection. This type of detection has the advantages of substantially better energy resolution at longer wavelengths (light elements, L and M lines of heavier elements) and a much larger dynamic range than the energy-dispersive detectors currently used in grazing X-ray techniques. Typical examples are presented of applications that are made possible by this new technique. |
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