Synthesis and antimicrobial,antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of novel 1,3,5-substituted pyrazoline sulphonamides

The design of novel molecules is imperative for the discovery of potent drugs in the medicinal chemistry field. In this work, new 1,3,5-substituted pyrazoline sulphonamides were synthesised using a two-step process with microwave assistance and evaluated biologically for their antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Most of the sulphonamides bearing 3-OH or 4-Cl groups exhibited significant inhibition of two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtillis and Staphylococcus aureus, and the yeast Candida albicans. Six compounds showed good activity against the cancer cell lines cervix carcinoma (Hep-2C) and human lung carcinoma (A549) with IC₅₀ in the range 16.03 ± 1.63 to 22.75 ± 0.19 μM and 18.64 ± 1.02 to 20.66 ± 2.09 μM, respectively, and exhibited low toxicity against mammalian Vero cells. In evaluating in vitro anti-inflammatory behaviour, five compounds showed high inhibition of NO production over the standard reference, with low toxicity against murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Further investigation found that two compounds, 1b and 18b, exhibited the highest activity when testing mouse ear oedema. The findings are promising for the discovery of potent new drugs.