Pathways to folding, nucleation events, and native geometry

We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice model and the Gō potential [N. Gō and H. Taketomi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 559563 (1978)] to investigate the existence of folding pathways at the level of contact cluster formation for two native structures with markedly different geometries. Our analysis of folding pathways revealed a common underlying folding mechanism, based on nucleation phenomena, for both protein models. However, folding to the more complex geometry (i.e., that with more nonlocal contacts) is driven by a folding nucleus whose geometric traits more closely resemble those of the native fold. For this geometry folding is clearly a more cooperative process.