均匀炸药冲击起爆和起爆后的行为

 介绍并分析了Campbell等人研究均匀炸药冲击起爆和起爆后行为所获得的实验结果，但不涉及其冲击起爆条件。Campbell等人的实验表明，足够强的冲击波进入硝基甲烷后，经过若干微秒的感应时间，爆轰发生在隔板与炸药间的界面处。这就是说，在均匀炸药中，足够强的冲击虽非瞬时但直接（指不经过其它过程，如爆燃）引发了爆轰。重新处理后的实验数据表明：硝基甲烷起爆后，爆轰波的净爆速小于正常爆速；当进入硝基甲烷的初始冲击波的有效压力p_eff由8.82 GPa升至12.14 GPa时，感应时间t_ind的实验值由3.06 μs降至0.705 μs。以两相的排平（A，m）物态方程描述爆轰产物，较为严格地重新推导了基于热起爆理论的估算感应时间t_ind的公式。在上述p_eff的变化范围内，t_ind的理论值则由248 μs降至0.99 μs，明显地高于实验值。这表明，热起爆理论不适于描述硝基甲烷的冲击起爆行为。从本质上讲，热起爆理论对均匀炸药的冲击起爆行为的描述，不符合物质运动的微观图像，因此，它不适于描述均匀炸药的上述行为。

Behaviors of Initiation and after-Initiation for Homogeneous Explosives

Campbell's experimental studies of behaviors of initiation and after-initiation for homogeneous explosives were introduced and analyzed, but initiation conditions were not dealt with. Campbell's experimental results showed that detonation originated at the gap-explosive interface some microseconds of induction time later after the shock entered the nitromethane (NM). In other words, detonation is initiated by shock not instantaneously but directly (namely, not to pass through other processes, such as deflagration). The experimental data were newly treated, then they showed obviously that after initiation of detonation in NM the net detonation velocity is less than the normal detonation velocity. The experimental values of induction time decrease from 3.06 μs to 0.705 μs if the efficient pressures of shock wave increase from 8.82 GPa to 12.14 GPa. The two-phase repulsive-translation (A, m) equation of state was used to describe states of detonation product, and formularies of estimating induction time were derived newly and strictly from the thermal initiation theory. The calculated values of induction time estimated by the new formularies decrease from 248 μs to 0.99 μs if the efficient pressures of shock wave change in the same region. The calculated values of induction time are markedly higher than the experimental values. Thus this indicates that the thermal initiation theory is not applicable to describe the behaviors of shock initiation of NM. The cause is that the explanation of behaviors of shock initiation for homogeneous explosives with the thermal initiation theory does not accord with microscopic motion image of substance. Therefore, the thermal initiation theory is not the applicable one to describe behaviors of shock initiation for homogeneous explosives.