Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil,Triterpenes, and Iridoids |
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Authors: | Agata Konarska Elbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Anna Matysik-Wo
niak Aneta Sulborska Beata Polak Marta Dmitruk Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko Beata Stefaczyk Robert Rejdak |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (E.W.-C.); (K.P.-W.);2.Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (A.M.-W.); (R.R.);3.Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (B.P.); (B.S.) |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition. |
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Keywords: | aucubin biologically active substances β -amyrin β -amyrin acetate glandular and non-glandular trichomes oleanolic acid white dead-nettle |
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