Analyzing Transverse Momentum Spectra of Pions,Kaons and Protons in p–p,p–A and A–A Collisions via the Blast-Wave Model with Fluctuations |
| |
Authors: | Hai-Ling Lao Fu-Hu Liu Bo-Qiang Ma |
| |
Affiliation: | 1.Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;3.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;4.Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China |
| |
Abstract: | The transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles, , , p and , produced at mid-(pseudo)rapidity in different centrality lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at 2.76 TeV; proton–lead (p–Pb) collisions at 5.02 TeV; xenon–xenon (Xe–Xe) collisions at 5.44 TeV; and proton–proton (p–p) collisions at 0.9, 2.76, 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV, were analyzed by the blast-wave model with fluctuations. With the experimental data measured by the ALICE and CMS Collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and proper time were extracted from fitting the transverse momentum spectra. In nucleus–nucleus (A–A) and proton–nucleus (p–A) collisions, the three parameters decrease with the decrease of event centrality from central to peripheral, indicating higher degrees of excitation, quicker expansion velocities and longer evolution times for central collisions. In p–p collisions, the kinetic freeze-out temperature is nearly invariant with the increase of energy, though the transverse flow velocity and proper time increase slightly, in the considered energy range. |
| |
Keywords: | high energy nucleus– nucleus collisions, transverse momentum spectra, kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity, proper time, the blast-wave model with fluctuations |
|
|