梯度纳米结构金属力学性能、变形机理和多尺度计算研究进展

近年来，梯度纳米结构金属因其优越的力学性能和独特的塑性变形机理受到广泛关注，已成为材料与力学学科的热点和前沿。本文首先介绍梯度纳米结构金属的强度、塑性、加工硬化和抗疲劳等核心力学性能，以及晶粒长大、塑性应变梯度和几何必需位错等塑性变形机理及其力学研究。其次介绍梯度纳米结构金属的多尺度计算与模拟研究。最后讨论梯度纳米结构金属研究领域存在的挑战。

Progress in Mechanical Properties,Deformation Mechanisms and Multiscale Simulations of Gradient Nanostructured Metals

Gradient nanostructured metals are increasingly being investigated due to their unique mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms, and are emerging as a new research frontier in mechanical science and mechanics. This review summarizes strength, ductility, fatigue resistance and other mechanical properties of gradient nanostructured metals, followed by a discussion about plastic deformation mechanisms of gradient nanostructured metals, including grain growth, plastic strain gradient and geometrically necessary dislocations. Multiscale modeling and simulations of gradient nanostructured metals are introduced with a focus on finite element method and molecular dynamics simulation method. A range of challenges to the research of mechanics of gradient nanostructured metals are proposed in the end.