尖头碎片撞击小尺寸储罐的模拟实验

化工园区内，容器爆炸事故易引发多米诺效应，产生的碎片击中临近目标设备或装置可能造成事故后果升级。通过开展尖头碎片撞击小尺寸储罐模拟实验，得到了不同轴向撞击角的尖头碎片撞击不同壁厚小尺寸储罐的穿透形貌、穿透能量以及穿孔直径。结果表明:（1）尖头碎片以0°轴向撞击角穿透罐壁形成的穿孔正面近似圆形，以15°、30°及45°轴向撞击角撞击形成的穿孔正面近似椭圆形且有2个条形翻边，穿孔背面均呈现花瓣型开裂；（2）轴向撞击角越大，壁厚越大，所需的穿透能量越大；（3）轴向撞击角与壁厚对穿孔轴向直径影响显著，但穿孔环向直径变化幅度不大。最后，根据穿甲力学理论和动量守恒定理，推导出适用于0°~45°轴向撞击角的尖头碎片剩余速度理论计算公式。

Simulation experiment on small-size tank impacted by conical projectiles

In this work, to forestall the domino effects resulting from the container explosion that may lead to serious damages to equipments and devices in a chemical industry park impacted by explosion fragments, we obtained the penetrating morphology, penetration energy and perforation diameter, of small-size tanks with different wall thicknesses that were impacted by conical projectiles at different axial impact angles, with the following results achieved:that the front penetrating morphology is nearly circular when the axial impact angle is 0°, and is nearly oval with two flangings when the axial impact angle is 15°, 30°, and 45°; that their backs are both dehiscent like petals; the larger the axial impact angle and tank wall thickness, the more penetration energy is needed; and that the axial impact angle and tank wall thickness have significant influence on the axial diameter of the perforation, but barely affect the circumferential diameter of the perforation. Also, based on the mechanics of perforation and the laws of conservation of momentum, we derived the residual velocity formula of conical projectiles suitable for axial impact angles ranging from 0 to 45 degrees.