微区X射线荧光光谱成像法分析历史文物建筑混凝土材料成分及工艺

历史文物建筑修复与保护的首要步骤是对建材构件进行成分解析。但成型的混凝土构件成分复杂，传统技术难以直接分析。微区X射线荧光光谱具有速度快、无需前处理、可获得大面积高分辨的元素成像等优势，可用于此类混合物的原位分析。本文采用束斑为20μm的微区X射线荧光光谱仪，扫描成型混凝土构件以获得混合成分的元素分布图，结合基本参数定量法，对上海地区典型历史建筑混泥土构件进行元素定量。分析结果有效地解析了混凝土构建中骨料和凝胶材料的成分和含量，鉴别了涂层成分，解析了拌混工艺，鉴别了局部污染元素和致劣元素并分析致劣原因，为历史建筑修复材料选配、拌混工艺选择、除污及保护性预防劣化提供了科学的数据支撑。

Study on concrete materials and technology of historical buildings by Microscopic X-ray Fluorescence Imaging

The initial step in the restoration and preservation of historical artifacts involves analyzing the constituents of building materials. However, the composition of formed concrete structures is intricate, posing challenges for conventional analytical techniques. Micro-area X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy proves advantageous for on-site analysis of such mixtures due to its rapidity, absence of pre-processing requirements, and provision of high-resolution element distribution maps over large areas. The present study employed a micro-area X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a beam spot size of 20μm to perform scanning on the formed concrete components, thereby obtaining an element distribution map of the mixed components. By integrating the quantitative method based on basic parameters, element quantification was conducted on the concrete components from representative historical buildings in Shanghai area. The analysis results effectively revealed the composition and content of aggregates and gel materials within concrete structures, identified coating compositions, elucited the mixing processes, detected local contaminants and deteriorating elements, and analyzed the causes of deterioration. These findings provided scientific data support for the selection of restoration materials for historical buildings, the choice of mixing processes, as well as for pollution removal and protective measures to prevent deterioration.