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Large-scale collective motion in heavy-ion collisions

Institution:	1. Bureau of Reclamation, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Denver, CO, USA;2. National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA, USA;1. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA;2. Bureau of Reclamation, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, Denver, CO, USA;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, Tacoma, WA, USA;4. National Park Service, Olympic National Park, Port Angeles, WA, USA;5. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA;6. University of Washington, Department of Earth & Space Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA;7. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA;1. U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States;2. National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, United States;3. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, P.O. Box 25007, Mail Code 86-68240, Denver, CO 80225, United States;4. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 94802, United States;5. National Park Service, Olympic National Park, 600 E. Park Avenue, Port Angeles, WA 98362, United States;6. U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States;7. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, WA 98115, United States;8. Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, 51 Hatchery Rd., Port Angeles, WA 98363, United States;9. U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C Fort Collins, CO 80526, United States;1. U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Water Science Center, 520 N. Park Ave, Suite 221, Tacoma, WA 85719, United States;2. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Federal Center, 6th Ave. and Kipling St., Denver, CO 80225, United States;3. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 94802, United States;4. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th St., Seattle, WA 98115, United States;5. U.S. Geological Survey, Illinois Water Science Center, 405 N. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States;1. U.S. Geological Survey, 400 Natural Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA;2. Washington Sea Grant, Olympic Peninsula Field Office, 1502 E. Lauridsen Blvd. #82, Port Angeles, WA 98362, USA;3. University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Abstract:	Heavy-ion fusion and deep inelastic reactions have been studied for symmetric systems in a classical dynamical model with deformation and necking as the collective shape coordinates. The calculated fusion excitation functions (for compound nucleus formation) are in good agreement with the experimental results from the evaporation residue measurements. It is observed that “nuclear molecules” are formed for not too heavy systems. The calculated reaction time for collisions of very heavy ions like ²³⁸U + ²³⁸U is found to be ~10⁻²¹ sec only and thus the width of the positron spectra observed in these reactions can not be explained in the light of quantum electrodynamics. The extra-extra push energies for fusion of heavy nuclei have also been studied.

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