Enhanced background rejection in thick tissue using focal modulation microscopy with quadrant apertures |
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Authors: | Ke Si Wei Gong Colin JR Sheppard |
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Institution: | a NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singaporeb Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singaporec Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore |
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Abstract: | Image formation in focal modulation microscopy using quadrant apertures (QFMM) is presented. The spatial resolution is discussed: compared with confocal microscopy, QFMM can simultaneously enhance the axial and transverse resolution. In contrast to focal modulation microscopy using D-shaped apertures (DFMM), QFMM can maintain x-y symmetry of spatial resolution, thus causing less confusion in imaging interpretation. The capability of background rejection is investigated, showing QFMM has the potential to increase imaging penetration depth. The signal level is also analyzed, indicating that the preferred detector pinhole radius is greater than for DFMM, resulting in a higher signal level. |
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Keywords: | Confocal microscopy Axial resolution Transverse resolution Signal level Quadrant apertures Imaging penetration depth Focal modulation microscopy |
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