A convenient and one-pot synthesis of 9-substituted carbazoles from primary amine hydrochlorides and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran

Carbazoles are the very important compounds in material science, nevertheless conventional syntheses required severe and complicated reaction conditions. In the process of preparation of pyrrole derivatives, we found that a primary amine hydrochloride 1 and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran 2 were refluxed in a benzenewater (100:4 (v/v)) mixture to be obtained 9-substituted carbazole 5 in a high yield. This method is the one-pot synthesis of 9-substituted carbazoles 5 under mild and convenient conditions.