On the use of constraints in molecular mechanics. II. The Lagrange multiplier method and non-full-matrix Newton-Raphson minimization

It is shown how the Lagrange Multiplier method for constrained minimization can be implemented in a molecular mechanics program using the common approximations to the full-matrix Newton-Raphson minimization. The method reduces the number of cycles to achieve convergence, and also stabilizes the refinement process. Increases in computer memory requirements are small. As an application, the conformational surface of cycloheptane is calculated.