| Abstract: | Quinolines, indoles, acridine, and carbazole were hydrogenated using a large variety of heterogeneous catalysts in hydrocarbon solvents in an effort to achieve selective hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring. When quinolines were hydrogenated using supported platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, or nickel metal catalysts in the presence of hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, or carbon monoxide, there was exclusive hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring to give only 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines. Use of iridium, rhenium, molybdenum(VI) oxide, tungsten(VI) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, iron(III) oxide, cobalt(II) oxide-molybdenum(VI) oxide, or copper chromite catalysts also caused exclusive hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring even without addition of sulfur Compounds or carbon monoxide. Hydrogenation of indoles using platinum, rhenium, or, in some cases, nickel catalysts (with or without sulfur Compounds) occurred exclusively in the heterocyclic ring to give indolines, but conversions were affected by indole-indoline equilibria. |
