近海环境中抗生素分析样品前处理技术的研究进展

抗生素在人和动物疾病防治方面的广泛及大量使用造成其源源不断地进入到环境中，并最终通过各种途径进入到近海环境中。由于抗生素可在水生生物体内蓄积，特别是其可促进细菌耐药性的产生与传播，已经威胁到生态和人类健康。抗生素种类复杂、性质各异，且在环境中存在浓度低，因此，发展各种基质中抗生素分析的前处理方法至关重要。该文综述了近十几年来近海水体、沉积物和生物体中抗生素的前处理方法，主要包括固相萃取、固液萃取、基质固相分散萃取和QuEChERS等几种常用前处理技术，并对方法中可能影响萃取和净化效果的各种因素进行了分析，最后对各种方法的优缺点和发展进行了总结和展望。

Advances in sample pretreatment techniques for analysis of antibiotics in the coastal environment

The widespread and massive usage of antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of diseases in human and animals have resulted in their continuous discharge into the environment, and finally, into the coastal environment through various pathways. Accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic organisms poses a great threat to ecological and human health, especially because it facilitates the generation and spread of bacterial resistance. Given the diverse range of antibiotics with various features, as well as their presence at low concentrations in the environment, it is imperative to develop pretreatment techniques for antibiotics in various matrices. In this paper, the pretreatment methods proposed in recent decades for antibiotics in coastal water, sediment, and biota are summarized, with emphasis on commonly used methods such as solid-phase extraction, solid-liquid extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, and QuEChERS. Additionally, the potential factors influencing the extraction performance and clean-up efficiency are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods and their development are finally discussed.