分子印迹聚合物在毛细管电色谱拆分手性药物中的研究进展

手性药物通过与生物体内生物大分子之间的手性匹配与分子识别来发挥药理作用。两个对映体与体内手性环境相互作用的不同导致每个对映体表现出不同的药理活性、代谢过程、代谢速率及毒性等药代动力学特征。因此发展手性药物的拆分方法，对于手性药物的开发和生产过程的质量监控具有重要意义。分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）是以目标分子作为模板而制备的高分子聚合物，它具有特定的空间分子结构和官能团，对目标分子具有高度的特异性识别能力。基于该特点，MIPs非常适合于手性药物的拆分和纯化。毛细管电色谱（CEC）可同时基于毛细管电泳和液相色谱的分离机理对目标物进行分离，因此具有高分离效率和高选择性的特点。将MIPs材料作为CEC的固定相，可将这两种技术的优势结合，从而实现对手性药物的高效拆分。MIPs材料在1994年首次应用于CEC手性拆分，此后该研究领域开始获得关注和发展。MIPs材料主要通过4种模式在CEC中实现手性拆分，分别是作为开管柱、填充柱和整体柱的固定相以及分离介质中的准固定相。该综述以这4种模式作为分类基准，根据MIPs制备所需的材料和分离对象对其在CEC手性拆分中的应用进行了总结，揭示了MIPs在CEC手性拆分中的潜力，同时评述了这4种模式各自的优势与不足，并对将来MIPs在CEC手性拆分中的发展进行了展望。

Research progress of molecularly imprinted polymers in separation of chiral drugs by capillary electrochromatography

Chiral drugs exert pharmacological effects through strict matching with chiral biological macromolecules and chiral recognition. Each enantiomer has different pharmacological activities, metabolic processes and rates, as well as toxicity pharmacokinetic characteristics owing to the difference in its interactions with the chiral environment. Therefore, method development for the resolution of chiral drugs is of great significance for the synthesis of chiral drugs and for quality control during the production process. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are prepared by using a target molecule as the template. MIPs demonstrate highly specific recognition properties toward the target molecule since they have specific spatial molecular structures and functional groups. Hence, MIPs are particularly suitable for the separation and purification of chiral drugs. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) offers the advantages of high separation efficiency and high selectivity owing to the dual separation mechanisms including capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. By using MIPs as the stationary phases for CEC, the advantages of the two technologies can be combined to achieve efficient separation of chiral drugs. MIPs were first applied to CEC for chiral resolution in 1994, and since then, there have been notable advances in this field. The four main chiral separation modes in CEC involve the use of MIPs as the stationary phases of open tubular, packed, and monolithic columns, and as the pseudostationary phase in the separation medium.