Mineralized Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Hydrogels Incorporating Cellulose Nanofibrils for Bone and Wound Healing |
| |
Authors: | Ragab E Abouzeid Ahmed Salama Esmail M El-Fakharany Vincenzo Guarino |
| |
Institution: | 1.Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;2.Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;3.Institute of Polymers, Composite and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Mostra D’Oltremare, Pad 20, V. J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy |
| |
Abstract: | Bio sustainable hydrogels including tunable morphological and/or chemical cues currently offer a valid strategy of designing innovative systems to enhance healing/regeneration processes of damaged tissue areas. In this work, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (T-CNFs) were embedded in alginate (Alg) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to form a stable mineralized hydrogel. A calcium chloride reaction was optimized to trigger a crosslinking reaction of polymer chains and mutually promote in situ mineralization of calcium phosphates. FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDAX, and TEM were assessed to investigate the morphological, chemical, and physical properties of different mineralized hybrid hydrogels, confirming differences in the deposited crystalline nanostructures, i.e., dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPDH) and hydroxyapatite, respectively, as a function of applied pH conditions (i.e., pH 4 or 8). Moreover, in vitro tests, in the presence of HFB-4 and HSF skin cells, confirmed a low cytotoxicity of the mineralized hybrid hydrogels, and also highlighted a significant increase in cell viability via MTT tests, preferentially, for the low concentration, crosslinked Alg/PVA/calcium phosphate hybrid materials (<1 mg/mL) in the presence of hydroxyapatite. These preliminary results suggest a promising use of mineralized hybrid hydrogels based on Alg/PVA/T-CNFs for bone and wound healing applications. |
| |
Keywords: | cellulose calcium phosphates TEMPO reaction cytotoxicity hybrid materials |
|
|