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A new restricted access molecularly imprinted polymer capped with albumin for direct extraction of drugs from biological matrices: the case of chlorpromazine in human plasma
Authors:Gabriel de Oliveira Isac Moraes  Larissa Meirelles Rodrigues da Silva  Álvaro José dos Santos-Neto  Fábio Herbst Florenzano  Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
Institution:1. Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas—Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
2. Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry of S?o Carlos, University of S?o Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13566-590, S?o Carlos, SP, Brazil
3. Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Federal University of Alfenas—Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
Abstract:A new restricted access molecularly imprinted polymer coated with bovine serum albumin (RAMIP-BSA) was developed, characterized, and used for direct analysis of chlorpromazine in human plasma samples. The RAMIP-BSA was synthesized using chlorpromazine, methacrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as template, functional monomer, and cross-linker, respectively. Glycerol dimethacrylate and hydroxy methyl methacrylate were used to promote a hydrophilic surface (high density of hydroxyl groups). Afterward, the polymer was coated with BSA using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, resulting in a protein chemical shield around it. The material was able to eliminate ca. 99 % of protein when a 44-mg mL?1 BSA aqueous solution was passed through it. The RAMIP-BSA was packed in a column and used for direct analysis of chlorpromazine in human plasma samples in an online column switching high-performance liquid chromatography system. The analytical calibration curve was prepared in a pool of human plasma samples with chlorpromazine concentrations ranging from 30 to 350 μg L?1. The correlation coefficient obtained was 0.995 and the limit of quantification was 30 μg L?1. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy presented variation coefficients and relative errors lower than 15 % and within ?15 and 15 %, respectively. The sample throughput was 3 h?1 (sample preparation and chromatographic analysis steps) and the same RAMIP-BSA column was efficiently used for about 90 cycles.
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