Institution: | 1. Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (CMCP), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, 75005 France;2. Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Matière et Rayonnement (LPCMR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005 France
Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France |
Abstract: | Magnéli phases TinO2n−1 (3<n≤10) are mixed Ti4+/Ti3+ oxides with high electrical conductivity. When used for water remediation or electrochemical energy storage and conversion, they are nanostructured and exposed to various environments. Therefore, understanding their surface reactivity is of prime importance. Such studies have been hindered by carbon contamination from syntheses. Herein, this synthetic and characterization challenge is addressed through a new approach to 50 nm carbon-free Ti4O7 and Ti6O11 nanoparticles. It takes advantage of the different reactivities of rutile and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles towards H2, to use the former as precursor of TinO2n−1 and the latter as a diluting agent. This approach is combined with silica templating to restrain particle growth. The surface reactivity of the Magnéli nanoparticles under different atmospheres was then evaluated quantitatively by synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed oxidized surfaces with lower conductivity than the core. This finding sheds a new light on the charge transfer occurring in these materials. |