室温离子液体及其在绿色化学中的应用

~~烷基取代咪唑阳离子 (图 1 )研究最多 ,表 1总结了近年来开发研究的此类阳离子的种类及结构 .可以组成室温离子液体的阴离子 ,目前的研究除 Al Cl4-,NO2 -和干燥时易爆的 NO3 -,Cl O4-外 ,含氟阴离子为多 ,主要有 :BF4-,PF6-,As F6-,Sb F6-,F ( HF ) n-,CF3 SO3 -,CF3 CF2 CF2 CF2 SO3 -,( CF3 SO2 ) 2 N-,( CF3 SO2 ) 3 C-,CF3 COO-,CF3 CF2 CF2 COO-等 .图 1　烷基取代咪唑阳离子　　由各种阳离子和各种阴离子组合 ,可以得到一系列特性各异的室温离子液体 ,目前已报道的多为由表 1所示的烷基咪唑阳离子和含氟阴…

Room-temperature Ionic Liquid and Its Applications to Environmental Chemistry

The research in room temperature ionic liquid is reviewed. The present status and development prospect of its applications to environmental chemistry are introduced in detail. As high performance environmental solvents, the room temperature ionic liquids can be applied to treating oil shale, purifying nature gas, and processing nuclear fuel; they can also be used in organic synthesis reactions, such as Diels Alder reaction, Friedel Crafts reaction, transition metal catalyzed reaction, regioselective alkylation. They can be used as the substitutes for traditional strong acid catalysts in alkylation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, esterification of acetic acid with alcohols, Beckmann rearrangement reaction, hydrogenation and polymerization of aromatic compounds.