碳量子点的合成研究进展与展望

碳量子点(CQDs)呈现出的亲水性、低细胞毒性、化学及光稳定性等优异性质,使其在化学、生物医学、传感学及光电子学领域得到了广泛的关注与应用。本文重点介绍CQDs合成的最新进展,总结了宏观条件下CQDs合成的自上而下法(弧光放电、激光烧蚀、电化学等)与自下而上法(化学氧化、热分解、微波加热等),比较了不同合成方法中碳源的利用率、反应条件、产物的尺寸分布、荧光性能及应用,讨论了各种合成方法的成功之处与存在的问题。文中详细介绍了基于微反应器原理的反胶束法和模板法在CQDs尺寸可控合成领域的应用。微流控芯片技术在纳米材料合成中显现安全、高效、可控等优于宏观反应体系的优势,结合目前微流控芯片合成CQDs的研究进展,可以预期微流控芯片在不久的将来将会在CQDs的合成中得到更成功的应用。

Advanced Progress and Prospective of Synthesizing Carbon Quantum Dots

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) possess excellent physical, chemical and biological properties, such as aqueous dispersibility, low cytotoxicity and high resistance to chemical and photo bleaching, making it gain wide attention and application in chemistry, biomedicine, sensormetrics and optoelectronics. In this review, latest progress of CQDs synthesis was reported. We emphasize on both top-down (arc discharge, laser ablation and electrochemical oxidation) and bottom-up (chemical oxidation, thermal decomposition and microwave pyrolysis) methods in preparing CQDs. Advantages and disadvantages of these strategies were discussed through comprehensive analysis and specific comparison of distinct characteristics, utilization factor of carbon precursor, reaction conditions, size distribution of CQDs, fluorescence property and application situation of those different methods. Meanwhile, based on the principle of microreactor, reversed micelle and mesoporous material were introduced in size-controlled synthesizing CQDs. Moreover, microfluidic chips showing green safety, efficient and controllable superiority to macrosystem,combined with recent progress of synthesizing CQDs with microfluidic system, it could be prospected that microfluidic chips would be further successfully applied to the preparing of CQDs in the near future.