Nonclassical nucleation towards separation and recycling science: Iron and aluminium (Oxy)(hydr)oxides |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany;2. School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Military Road, East Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;1. Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India;2. Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura 722102, West Bengal, India;3. Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, The University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal |
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Abstract: | Separation, analysis and recycling technologies are of high interest for our modern societies, where colloidal iron and aluminium (hydr)oxides have important applications. However, there are significant gaps in the fundamental understanding of how these phases form in real systems. Classical nucleation theory cannot account for many experimental observations, and there is a dichotomy between the chemistry of hydrolysing/condensating systems and the physical notion of supersaturation. Reviewing parts of the established and recent literature, we demonstrate that concepts of nonclassical nucleation pathways can overcome these issues. This broader, chemistry-based conceptual framework has a high potential for advancing current applications, and developing new strategies towards separation, analysis and recycling applications, which seem to be urgently required for the future. |
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Keywords: | Nonclassical nucleation Phase separation Crystallisation Prenucleation clusters Cluster dynamics Hydrolysis Aluminium (oxy)(hydr)oxides Iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides Separation science Recycling |
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