Electrochemical interfaces for chemical and biomolecular separations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;4. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China;5. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61820, USA;6. Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada;7. Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia;8. Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;9. Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM–CNR), c/o University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy;10. Hanyang University, WCU Energy Engineering Department, Seoul, the Republic of Korea, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | The design of molecularly selective interfaces can lead to efficient electrochemically-mediated separation processes. The fast growing development of electroactive materials has resulted in new electroresponsive adsorbents and membranes, with enhanced selectivity, higher uptake capacities, and improved energy performance. Here, we review progress on the interfacial design for electrochemical separations, with a focus on chemical and biological applications. We discuss the development of new electrode materials and the underlying mechanisms for selective molecular binding, highlighting areas of growing interest such as metal recovery, waste recycling, gas purification, and protein separations. Finally, we emphasize the need for integration between molecular level interface design and electrochemical engineering for the development of more efficient separation processes. We envision that electrochemical separations can play a key role towards the electrification of the chemical industry and contribute towards new approaches for process intensification. |
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| Keywords: | Electrochemical separations Molecular selectivity Interfacial design Redox-polymer Electrosorption Bioseparations Metal recovery Recycling |
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