The use of surfactants in the cleaning of works of art |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff and CSGI, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden;1. Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3 – Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;2. Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy;2. Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy;3. Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy;4. Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy;1. Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;2. Mirabile, 11, rue de Bellefond, 75009 Paris 09, France;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;2. CSGI, Center for Colloids and Surface Science, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy;3. NIKKOL GROUP Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd., 1-4-8, Nihonbashi-Bakurocho, Chuo-ku, 103-0002, Tokyo, Japan;4. NIKKOL GROUP Cosmos Technical Center Co., Ltd., 3-24-3 Hasune, Itabashi-ku, 174-0046, Tokyo, Japan;5. Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Surfactants have been historically used for cleaning artifacts, but it was only in the last decades that serendipitous approaches were replaced by research in the field of soft matter and colloid science. Surfactants are components of nanostructured fluids, which were assessed for the removal of soil and aged coatings from paintings and are fundamental in processes that range from the inclusion of grime in micelles to the swelling and dewetting of polymer layers. Intriguing aspects involve the synthesis and use of biodegradable and self-cleavable surfactants, and the confinement of nanostructured fluids in gels, which boost the selectiveness of cleaning interventions. The performances of these advanced systems surpass those of traditional cleaning materials such as solvent blends and thickeners. The most important results are here reviewed and future perspectives given. Besides granting the transfer of cultural heritage to future generations, advanced cleaning materials are relevant to transversal fields, such as detergency, cosmetics, and drug delivery. |
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| Keywords: | Surfactants Emulsions Paintings Conservation Cultural heritage |
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