Homotopy types of box complexes

In 14] Matoušek and Ziegler compared various topological lower bounds for the chromatic number. They proved that Lovász’s original bound 9] can be restated as X(G) ≥ ind(B(G)) + 2. Sarkaria’s bound 15] can be formulated as X(G) ≥ ind(B₀(G)) + 1. It is known that these lower bounds are close to each other, namely the difference between them is at most 1. In this paper we study these lower bounds, and the homotopy types of box complexes. The most interesting result is that up to ℤ₂-homotopy the box complex B(G) can be any ℤ₂-space. This together with topological constructions allows us to construct graphs showing that the mentioned two bounds are different. Some of the results were announced in 14]. Supported by the joint Berlin/Zürich graduate program Combinatorics, Geometry, and Computation, financed by ETH Zürich and the German Science Foundation (DFG).