有效数字在环境监测中的应用

对实验中常用的玻璃量具如单标线吸管、容量瓶、比色管、刻度吸管等进行分析,确定了直读式数据的读数规则及有效位数。如10mL单标线吸管有效数字位数为5位,而10mL刻度吸管随移取溶液体积不同其有效数字位数可能为2,3或4位。分析了环境监测中间接式数据的来源,如标准溶液的浓度、标准曲线的截距、斜率、样品最终浓度等,这些数据应当遵守一定的修约及运算规则,由此确定了间接式数据应当保留合理的有效位数。研究结果可以为环境监测人员开展实验及数据处理提供依据。

Application of Signiifcant Digits in Environmental Monitoring

The general reading rule and number of significant digits of direct reading data were concluded on the basis of analysis of glass containers often used in experiments such as singlet burette,volumetricflask,comparison tube,and graduated pipette. For example,there werefive significant digits fora 10 mL singlet burette,however,a 10 mL graduated pipette might have two,three or four significant digits depending on how much solution it absorbed. The sources of indirect data in environmental monitoring were also analyzed,such as the concentration of standard solution,the intercept and slope of standard curve,and thefinal concentration of samples. These data should follow certain rules of rounding off and operation,based on which the reasonable number of significant digits could be determined. The research results can provide reference for environmental monitoring personnel to carry out experiments and data processing.