Mineralization and osteoblast behavior of multilayered films on TiO2 nanotube surfaces assembled by the layer-by-layer technique

In this paper, the multilayer films of poly-L-lysine (PLL) and DNA were created on TiO₂ nanotube surfaces using the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. Chemical compositions of the assembled multilayered films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Biological properties of the multilayered films were evaluated by the biomimetic mineralization and osteoblast cell culture experiments. The results indicated that PLL and DNA were successfully assembled onto TiO₂ nanotube surfaces by electrostatic attraction. Moreover, the samples of assembled PLL or/and DNA had better bioactivity in inducing HA formation and promoting osteoblast cells adhesion, proliferation and early differentiation.