Helicity analysis of semileptonic hyperon decays including lepton-mass effects

Using the helicity method we derive complete formulas for the joint angular decay distributions occurring in semileptonic hyperon decays including lepton-mass and polarization effects. Compared to the traditional covariant calculation, the helicity method allows one to organize the calculation of the angular decay distributions in a very compact and efficient way. In the helicity method the angular analysis is of cascade type, i.e. each decay in the decay chain is analyzed in the respective rest system of that particle. Such an approach is ideally suited as input for a Monte Carlo event generation program. As a specific example we take the decay  (l ⁻=e ⁻,μ ⁻) followed by the nonleptonic decay Σ ⁺→p+π ⁰ for which we show a few examples of decay distributions which are generated from a Monte Carlo program based on the formulas presented in this paper. All the results of this paper are also applicable to the semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of ground-state charm and bottom baryons, and to the decays of the top quark.