Two-electron atoms in strong fields |
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| Institution: | 1. Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany;2. Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Crete, and Department of Physics, University of Crete, Greece;1. Center for Photonics and Electronics, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Division of Time and Frequency Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China;1. Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Physics, Department of Radiology, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA;2. Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRAMIS, Service interdisciplinaire sur les systèmes moléculaires et matériaux, CEA/CNRS UMR 3299, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France |
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| Abstract: | Multiphoton excitation and ionization of two-electron atoms under strong laser pulses, with emphasis on double excitation, is reviewed. After an introduction to the basic concepts of traditional single-photon spectroscopy and methodology, the main phenomena and experimental observations under multiphoton excitation in the perturbative regime are summarized. That is followed by the discussion of the main ideas underlying various non-perturbative approaches, especially as they pertain to the two-electron problem. The present state of understanding non-perturbative time-dependent behavior, in that context and in relation to issues such as correlation, double excitation, sequential and direct double ionization, is then formulated and discussed. The article ends with a summary of effects relating to autoionizing states in strong fields and an outlook for future developments. |
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