A new biodegradable polydepsipeptide microsphere for application in drug delivery systems

A sequential polydepsipeptide containing a tripeptide sequence L-alanyl-Lalanyl-ethyl L-glutamyl and an-hydroxy acid L-lactic acid, poly(Ala-Ala-Glu(OEt)-Lac), was synthesized to prepare the microspherical particles by the solvent evaporation process. In this case, the solvents play the most important role for the preparation of polydepsipeptide microspheres and, as an example, when 200 mg of the polydepsipeptide dissolved in 10 ml of 98/2% chloroform/dichloroacetic acid mixture was stirred at 400 rpm and 30 C, the microspherical particles with mean diameter of 58m were formed after pouring into 200 ml of 1% (w/v) poly(vinyl alcohol) solution. 17-Estradiol was incorporated into the particles, and the resulting particles were found to contain 5 mg of drug per 25 mg of the particle. The in vivo release of drug from the microspherical formulation was evaluated by measuring the pharmacological influence on rat prostate. It was found that the sufficient amount of drug, keeping the effective pharmacological influence, is supplied during the first 12-week period, followed by an incomplete supplying of drug intil the implant is perfectly degraded in vivo in the 25th week from the start of implantation.     

连续广义系统的渐近稳定性判据

通过Lyapunov方程Lyapunov函数广义诉渐近稳定性的判定的充必要条件利用此条件，可以较容易地判别一类连续广义系统的渐近稳定性问题。     

完全位式控制系统中的振荡及其消除

探讨了多位完全位式控制系统的振荡，及其对系统装置及控制效果带来的影响。提出了消除这种振荡的方法。通过计算机仿真和在柴油电站二级分布式控制系统中的应用，证实了本文方法的正确性和有效性。     

信息检索系统中信息模型的建立方法研究

在信息检索引擎中,信息模型的建立方法对信息检索的速度起着重要的作用。在总结了布尔模型、向量空间模型、概率模型3类信息模型建立方法的基础上,提出了新的用户模型建立方法。该方法可在自适应信息检索系统中根据用户的特征,实现“检索正确的信息,在正确的时间,采用正确的方式,推送给正确的人”,大大提高了信息检索的智能化程度。     

潜油电泵提高系统效率措施及效果分析

本文从系统效率公式推导,分析了影响系统效率的主要因素。说明系统效率高低主要取决于选井选泵的准确性。重点分析了系统效率与油井相关参数的关系,用以指导选井选泵,并提出了一些措施来提高潜油电泵井的系统效率。通过实例说明,合理选择泵排量和有效扬程可以显著提高系统效率,对油田公司提倡的节能降耗意义重大。     

太原地区空调系统若干设计问题的探讨

太原地区的气候条件给空调系统设计带来了一些与常规设计有所区别的特点,如在负荷计算,冷热源选择,风量确定,风和水系统设计等方面,掌握这些特点可以在空调系统设计中带来方便。     

基于GIS和USLE的下庄小流域土壤侵蚀量预测研究

将地理信息系统Geographical Information System(GIS)与通用土壤流失方程Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)相结合进行流域土壤侵蚀量的预测和估算.以福建省九龙江典型小流域下庄为研究区域,在桌面GIS软件MapInfo和ArcView的支持下,建立流域的空间数据库,利用GIS的栅格数据空间分析功能,将小流域空间离散化为10 m×10 m的栅格,根据合适的USLE因子算法生成各因子栅格图,借助GIS图形运算,实现了下庄小流域的土壤侵蚀量估算和土壤侵蚀关键源区的标识,进一步利用GIS和USLE结合对小流域进行土壤侵蚀控制措施的模拟,为下庄小流域土地利用和水土保持提供科学依据.研究结果表明,下庄小流域的平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 541.66 t/km2.a,土壤侵蚀强度属中度,强度侵蚀以上区域占流域面积的11.17%.在模拟实施控制管理措施后,小流域土壤侵蚀模数降为1 570.89 t/km2.a,土壤侵蚀强度属轻度,强度侵蚀以上区域降为3.75%.     

Theory of ring formation in a reversible system: general solutions

The enumeration theory is extended in this work into a more general theory, taking back-reactions into consideration. The solutions may faithfully reproduce real processes from arbitrary starting points to a steady-state. Therefore, the presented theory includes the equilibrium theory by Jacobson-Stockmayer, the numerical solution by Gordon-Temple, and the irreversible theory by the present authors. The solutions are described first in general forms of transition probabilities {P}, and then explicitly with the aid of rate equations; simple proofs are given. The presented theory was applied to an experimental data: the distribution of cyclic species in poly(ethylene terephthalate). We shall show that agreement between theory and experiment is nearly perfect.AB model N ₀ Total number of units - V System volume - C ₀=N ₀/N _A ·V Initial concentration (N _A : Avogadro's number) - L _x AB type chain x-mer; (AB)_x - N _x Number of AB type x-mers - R _x Ring x-mer - N _Rx Number of ring x-mers - E Small molecule eliminated by bond-formation - N _E Number of small molecules eliminated by bond-formation - h _k Number of reacted functional units (f.u.) in statek - _k Number of reacted functional units (f.u.) in chains in statek - _k Total number of units in chains in statek - D=h _k /N ₀ Extent of reaction in statek - D ^*= _k / _k Extent of reaction in chains in statek - k _L Chain-propagation rate constant - k _Rx Cyclization rate constant of chain x-mers - k _B Bond breakage rate constant of chains - k _B,Rx Bond breakage rate constant of cyclic x-mers - <k _Rx > _k Mean cyclization rate constant in statek - g(x)=k _B,Rx /k _B Ring-opening factor of cyclic x-mers - P _Lx,k Probability that a chain x-mer will be formed in statek - {P} Set of transition probabilities per single jump in forward direction or reverse direction (see the text on individual transition probabilities) AB model M _A Total AA monomer unit number - M _B Total BB monomer unit number - M ₀=M _A +M _B Total particle number - _A,i =2M _A –h _i Unreacted A functional unit (f.u.) number in statei - _B,i =2M _B –h _i Unreacted B f.u. number in statei - _Ax Unreacted A f.u. number on x-mers - h _i Number of reacted A (or B) f.u. in statei - _i Number of reacted A (or B) f.u. in chains in statei - _A,i =2M _A –h _i + _i A f.u. number in chains in statei - _B,i =2M _B –h _i + _i B f.u. number in chains in statei - _i =2(M ₀–h _i + _i ) Total f.u. number in chains in statei - D=h _i /M ₀ Extent of reaction in statei - D _A ^* = _i / _A,i Extent of reaction of A f.u. in chains in statei - D _B ^* = _i / _B,i Extent of reaction of B f.u. in chains in statei - D ^*=2 _i / _i Extent of reaction in chains in statei - L _x (AA-BB)_x-1-AA type chain x-mer;x=1,2,3,... - L _x BB-(AA-BB)_x type chain x-mer;x=0,1,2,... - L _x (AA-BB)_x type chain x-mer;x=1,2,3,... - N _x Number of type x-mers - N _x Number of type x-mers - N _x Number of type x-mers     

Phase behavior and dynamic properties in mixed systems of anionic and cationic surfactants: lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate/diethanolheptadecafluoro-2-undecanolmethylammonium chloride (DEFUMAC) and lithium dodecyl sulfate/DEFUMAC aqueous mixtures

Two ternary phase diagrams of the cationic perfluorosurfactant diethanolheptadecafluoro-2-undecanolmethylammonium chloride (DEFUMAC) with an anionic perfluorosurfactant lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate (LiFOS) and an anionic hydrocarbon surfactant lithium dodecyl sulfate (LiDS) have been established at 25°C. The total surfactant concentration was less than 20wt%. In a wide mixing region of the LiFOS/DEFUMAC system, a lamellar-type phase,P , was identified by its texture under a polarization microscope and by its x-ray diffraction pattern. Dispersed fragments ofP -phase are present in the dilute solutions in which one surfactant was in excess. The anisotropy of electrical conductivity, flow birefringence, dynamic light scattering, and electric briefringence demonstrate that theP fragments are disk-like with a radius of 0.7 m. The disk-likeP particles are transformed by shear into a spherical aggregate ofL above a critical shear gradient. LiDS/DEFUMAC mixed solution forms dispersed and precipitatedL in the dominant region. Radius and micropolarity of the dispersedL aggregates are decreased as the ratio of LiDS:DEFUMAC approaches 1:1. On the basis of x-ray diffraction measurement the structure of precipitatedL -phase seems to consist of monolayers.