全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25227篇 |
免费 | 2874篇 |
国内免费 | 2219篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6986篇 |
晶体学 | 419篇 |
力学 | 1314篇 |
综合类 | 200篇 |
数学 | 773篇 |
物理学 | 6927篇 |
综合类 | 13701篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 77篇 |
2023年 | 209篇 |
2022年 | 499篇 |
2021年 | 598篇 |
2020年 | 580篇 |
2019年 | 699篇 |
2018年 | 590篇 |
2017年 | 832篇 |
2016年 | 907篇 |
2015年 | 931篇 |
2014年 | 1262篇 |
2013年 | 1614篇 |
2012年 | 1541篇 |
2011年 | 1542篇 |
2010年 | 1232篇 |
2009年 | 1369篇 |
2008年 | 1274篇 |
2007年 | 1615篇 |
2006年 | 1450篇 |
2005年 | 1330篇 |
2004年 | 1162篇 |
2003年 | 1077篇 |
2002年 | 995篇 |
2001年 | 798篇 |
2000年 | 785篇 |
1999年 | 718篇 |
1998年 | 533篇 |
1997年 | 548篇 |
1996年 | 482篇 |
1995年 | 424篇 |
1994年 | 372篇 |
1993年 | 334篇 |
1992年 | 317篇 |
1991年 | 282篇 |
1990年 | 236篇 |
1989年 | 211篇 |
1988年 | 216篇 |
1987年 | 130篇 |
1986年 | 87篇 |
1985年 | 57篇 |
1984年 | 42篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1981年 | 44篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 61篇 |
1978年 | 29篇 |
1977年 | 32篇 |
1974年 | 21篇 |
1973年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A liquid dewetting method for the determination of the viscoelastic properties of ultrathin polymer films has been extended to study thickness effects on the properties of ultrathin polycarbonate (PC) films. PC films with film thicknesses ranging from 4 to 299 nm were placed on glycerol at temperatures from below the macroscopic glass transition temperature (Tg) to above it with the dewetting responses being monitored. It is found that the isothermal creep results for films of the same thickness, but dewetted at different temperatures can be superposed into one master curve, which is consistent with the fact of PC being a thermorheologically simple material. Furthermore, the results show that the Tg of PC thin films is thickness dependent, but the dependence is weaker than the results for freely standing films and similar to literature data for PC films supported on rigid substrates. It was also found that the rubbery plateau region for the PC films stiffens dramatically, but still less than what has been observed for freely standing polycarbonate films. The rubbery stiffening is discussed in terms of a recently reported model that relates macroscopic segmental dynamics with the stiffening. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1559–1566 相似文献
2.
使用实验轧机旁冷却装置配合轧机进行轧制实验,研究轧制道次间不同冷却工艺对特厚钢板组织和性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:采用道次间冷却工艺可以在全厚度方向获得组织细化及强韧性提高效果,采用强冷道次间冷却实验钢1/4处晶粒尺寸可细化至10μm,强度为376MPa,-40℃冲击功为169J;心部晶粒尺寸可细化至15μm,强度为360MPa,-40℃冲击功为123J.本工艺可形成470μm厚表层细晶层,晶粒尺寸可细化至5μm;粗轧道次间插入冷却工艺轧制钢板强度和冲击韧性优于中间坯冷却工艺;随冷却强度增加,钢板内部组织明显细化且强度大幅提高. 相似文献
3.
对连续刚构铁路桥箱梁温度场及桥梁线形进行长期、连续监测,通过主梁跨中下挠的理论与实测对比揭示了连续刚构铁路桥收缩徐变效应。对比了国内外常用收缩徐变估算模型,选择CEB-FIP徐变模型对黄河特大连续刚构桥进行了有限元分析。采用实测温度数据,以箱梁内测温度、外侧温度、顶底板温度梯度、左右侧温度梯度作为箱梁温度场的评判指标,对箱梁1年内的四季温度场分布进行分析。在基于相同温度场的条件下,通过理论值与实测值对比,发现分析成果与实测结果较吻合,说明混凝土的收缩徐变是引起连续刚构铁路桥跨中下挠的主要原因,对比结果还说明通过改善箱梁顶底板应力差能够改善收缩徐变长期效应。 相似文献
4.
With the progress of science and technology, human beings explore the energy under-ground with thousands of meters. As a thermophysical parameter, initial formation temperature (IFT) plays an essential... 相似文献
5.
The γcmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS.
Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed
to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of
CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows
the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low
temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and
surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that
turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation
of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives
by increasing the contact between two reacting phases. 相似文献
6.
李伟 《黑龙江科技学院学报》2004,14(6):350-353
针对常规反馈控制器参数在对象时变情况下难以获得最优的问题,利用BP神经网络构成系统反馈控制器,通过自适应学习速率在线调整网络权值以逼近对象的逆动态模型,并利用Lyapunov方法给出了该算法的收敛的条件。将算法应用于循环水温度控制系统表明:该控制器对模型参数不依赖,能有效地适应控制对象参数的变化,系统具有较强的鲁棒性。 相似文献
7.
温敏性双亲二元共聚物的研制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用己内酯改性丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸,通过自由基聚合制备了具有温敏性的双亲二元共聚物(PAFn),PAFn在选择性溶剂中自组装得到了聚合物纳米胶束溶液.对PAFn及胶束进行了一系列表征,研究了聚合物浓度、单体比、n值的变化等对胶束粒径的影响。同时研究了它们在醇/水介质中的相转变行为,荧光测试显示,通过自组装途径获得的胶束在醇/水介质中存在一个温度敏感区,具有明显的相转变温度. 相似文献
8.
LaMnO3不同晶位掺杂的磁电阻效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
任清褒 《西安交通大学学报》2004,38(6):645-648,656
基于研究钙钛矿型氧化物磁电阻效应的目的,采用固相反应法制备了实验所需的单相多晶样品,主要就La位二价金属离子掺杂和稀土互掺及Mn位掺杂对LaMnO3磁电阻影响的实验结果作比较研究,发现La位稀土互掺对磁电阻的影响可以用晶格效应来解释,并明确指出La位和Mn位掺杂是提高和调制钙钛矿型锰氧化物超大磁电阻效应的一种有效途径. 相似文献
9.
10.
Most of the novel highly potent drugs, developed on the basis of modern molecular medicine, taking into account cell surface recognition techniques, show poor water solubility. A chemical modification of the drug substance enhancing the solubility often decreases the pharmacological activity. Thus, as an alternative an increase of the solubility can be obtained by the reduction of the size of the drug particles. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to obtain micro or nanosized drug particles by classical or more advanced crystallization using supercritical gases or by milling techniques. In addition, nanosized particles are often not physically stable and need to be stabilized in an appropriate matrix. Thus, it may be of interest to manufacture directly nanosized drug particles stabilized in an inert hydrophilic matrix, i.e. nanostructured and nanocomposite systems. Solid solutions and solid dispersions represent nanostructured and nanocomposite systems. In this context, the use of the vacuum-fluidized-bed technique for the spray-drying of a low water soluble drug cosolubilized with a hydrophilic excipient in a polar organic solvent is discussed. In order to avoid the use of organic solvents, a special spray-freeze-drying technique working at atmospheric pressure is presented. This process is very suitable for temperature and otherwise sensitive drugs such as pharmaproteins. 相似文献