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排序方式: 共有472条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Marit Seifert Stephanie Hesse Vasken Kabrelian Dieter Klemm 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(3):463-470
For the modification of medically useful biomaterials from bacterially synthesized cellulose, fleeces of Acetobacter xylinum have been produced in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (m/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), respectively, in the Hestrin-Schramm culture medium. The incorporation of the water-soluble polymers into cellulose and their influence on the structure, crystal modifications, and material properties are described. With IR and solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of the fleeces, the presence of the cellulose ethers and an increase in the amorphous parts of the cellulose modifications (NMR results) have been detected. The incorporation is represented by a higher product yield, too. As demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, a porelike cellulose network structure forms in the presence of CMC and MC. This modified structure increases the water retention ability (expressed as the water content), the ion absorption capacity, and the remaining nitrogen-containing residues from the culture medium or bacteria cells. The water content of bacterial cellulose (BC) in the never dried state and the freeze-dried, reswollen state can be controlled by the CMC concentration in the culture solution. The freeze-dried, reswollen BC-CMC (2.0%) contains 96% water after centrifugation, whereas standard BC has only 73%. About 98% water is included in a BC-MC composite in the wet state, and about 93% is included in the reswollen state synthesized in the presence of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% MC. These biomaterial composites can be stored in the dried state and reswollen before use, reaching a higher water absorption than pure, never dried BC. The copper ion capacity of BC-CMC composites increases proportionally with the added amount of CMC. BC-CMC (0.5%) can absorb 3 times more copper ions than original BC. In the case of 0.5 and 1.0% PVA additions to the culture solution, this polymer cannot be detected in the cellulose fleeces after they are washed. Nevertheless the presence of PVA in the culture medium effects a decreased product yield, a retention of nitrogen-containing residues in the material during purification, a reduced water absorption ability, and a slightly higher copper ion capacity in comparison with original BC. The water content of freeze-dried, reswollen BC-PVA (0.5%) is only 62%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 463–470, 2004 相似文献
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Sebastian G. Spain Matthew I. Gibson Neil R. Cameron 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(11):2059-2072
Glycopolymers are receiving increasing interest due to their application in areas, such as glycomics, medicine, biotechnology, sensors, and separation science. Consequently, new methods for their synthesis are constantly being developed, with an increasing emphasis on the preparation of well-defined polymers and on the production of complex macromolecular architectures such as stars. This review covers recent developments in the synthesis of glycopolymers, with a particular emphasis on (i) the use of controlled radical polymerization to prepare well-defined glycopolymers from unprotected monomers and (ii) postpolymerization modification strategies using reactive polymer precursors (including “click” reactions). Recent work on the production of glycosylated polypeptides, which are under investigation as mimics of naturally occurring glycoproteins, is also included. The authors offer some suggestions as to future developments and remaining challenges in this topical area of polymer chemistry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci PartA: Polym Chem45: 2059–2072, 2007 相似文献
4.
Stéphane Pellet-RostaingFrédéric Chitry Jean-Alexis SpitzAntoine Sorin Alain Favre-RéguillonMarc Lemaire 《Tetrahedron》2003,59(51):10313-10324
Calix-bis(benzocrown-6) 6 and 7 were converted into the water-soluble receptors 9, 10, 12 and 15 by introducing hydroxy, carboxy, sulfato or diethanolamino groups at the para position of the phenolic ring and/or on the benzo-ether moieties. The complexation properties of these ionophores were studied for all alkali cations in methanolic and aqueous media. Stability constants were calculated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. All ligands showed a more or less affinity for the larger cations, depending on the nature and the position of the substituents grafted on the benzo-ether chain only or both on the calixarene ring and the benzo-ether loop. For selective Cs+/Na+ separation, the efficiency of the ligands was evaluated by means of a nanofiltration system. In comparison with the known tetrahydroxylated bis-crown-6 calix[4]arene 1, compounds 9, 12 and 15 represent the most selective ligands for the Cs+ cation in a moderate salted medium ([NaNO3]=85 g/L). 相似文献
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Sadahito Aoshima Hiroshi Oda Eiichi Kobayashi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1992,30(11):2407-2413
Living cationic polymerization of alkoxyethyl vinyl ether [CH2?CHOCH2CH2OR; R: CH3 (MOVE), C2H5 (EOVE)] and related vinyl ethers with oxyethylene units in the pendant was achieved by 1-(isobutoxy)ethyl acetate ( 1 )/Et1.5AlCl1.5 initiating system in the presence of an added base (ethyl acetate or THF) in toluene at 0°C. The polymers had a very narrow molecular weight distribution (M?w/M?n = 1.1–1.2) and the M?n proportionally increased with the progress of the polymerization reaction. On the other hand, the polymerization by 1 /EtAlCl2 initiating system in the presence of ethyl acetate, which produces living polymer of isobutyl vinyl ether, yielded the nonliving polymer. When an aqueous solution of the polymers thus obtained was heated, the phase separation phenomenon was clearly observed in each polymer at a definite critical temperature (Tps). For example, Tps was 70°C for poly(MOVE), and 20°C for poly(EOVE) (1 wt % aqueous solution, M?n ~ 2 × 104). The phase separation for each case was quite sensitive (ΔTps = 0.3–0.5°C) and reversible on heating and cooling. The Tps or ΔTps was clearly dependent not only on the structure of polymer side chains (oxyethylene chain length and ω-alkyl group), but also on the molecular weight (M?n = 5 × 103-7 × 104) and its distribution. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
7.
4-(3-Alkylureido)-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyls are rapidly oxidized by N2O4 or NOCl to 4-(3-alkylureido)-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinium nitrates and chlorides, which are then nitrosated to 4-(3-alkyl-3-nitrosoureido)-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinium salts. The perchlorates of the latter were prepared by an exchange reaction with HClO4. The nitrosation of alkylureidooxoammonium salts is the first example of chemical modification of oxoammonium derivatives in which the highly reactive >N+=O group is inert toward the reagent.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 542–547, March, 1993. 相似文献
8.
讨论了有关参数(温度、Rh/TPPTS比率、催化剂浓度、压力、甲苯/水体积比、不同溶剂、CO与H2分压比)对丙烯酸丁酯的氢甲酰化反应的影响,得到了一些规律性的结论。首次研究了水溶性双膦配体BDPXSNa和BISBISNa在丙烯酸丁酯氢甲酰化反应中对催化剂的催化活性和选择性的影响。 相似文献
9.
对水溶和水合这两种不为人熟知的甲烷相态进行了介绍,分析了水溶甲烷量估算方法和影响因素、以及对矿井安全生产可能构成的潜在威胁。根据水合状态的瓦斯分解需要吸收大量的热而难以在短时间内大量集中涌出的物理化学特性,结合初步试验结果论述了利用水合机理防治矿井瓦斯事故的可行性。理论研究与初步实验表明,利用水合技术防治矿井事故的技术路线是可行的。另外,随着采深的增加,水溶甲烷将对煤矿安全生产构成威胁。 相似文献
10.
研究了在以水溶性铑膦络合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2为催化剂的两相体系中,反应温度、压力、膦铑比、催化剂浓度、CO/H2分压比、底物浓度等对1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应的活性和区域选择性的影响.结果表明,RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2对水/有机两相催化体系1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应表现出良好的活性和区域选择性,在100℃,2.5MPa,[TPPTS]/[Rh]=25时,生成戊醛的TOF高达2500h^-1,生成正戊醛的选择性达到87.5%. 相似文献