微生物实验教学中学生能力培养和科学素质教育

阐述微生物实验教学加强大学生的能力培养和科学素质教育及提高实验队伍的总体素质     

Fluorescence-based nucleic acid detection and microarrays

Recent analytical innovations for nucleic acid detection have revolutionized the biological sciences. Single nucleic acid sequence detection methods have been expanded to incorporate multiplexed detection strategies. A variety of nucleic acid detection formats are now available that can address high throughput genomic interrogation. Many of these parallel detection platforms or arrays, employ fluorescence as the signaling method. Fluorescence-based assays offer many advantages, including increased sensitivity, safety and multiplexing capabilities, as well as the ability to measure multiple fluorescence properties. Multiplexed microarray platforms provide parallel detection capabilities capable of measuring thousands of simultaneous responses. This review will discuss both single target detection and microarray applications with a focus on gene expression and pathogenic microorganism (PM) detection.     

微生物共培养产生新颖活性次生代谢产物的研究进展

微生物源天然产物是药物先导化合物的重要资源之一.近年来,利用微生物共培养产生各类天然产物的研究发展迅速.微生物共培养是一种通过模拟（微生物）栖息地/栖息环境以激活可能的沉默生物合成基因簇并进而诱导微生物产生新次生代谢物的有效方法.与菌株纯培养相比,共培养不仅增加了次级代谢产物的种类多样性,而且其生物活性及产量也得到了提高.文章就近5年来真菌与真菌、真菌与细菌、细菌与细菌等3种类型的微生物共培养研究成果进行了综述,同时简要介绍了用于分析共培养作用机制的多组学技术,并在此基础上探讨了微生物共培养相互作用机制研究的进展及挑战.综述旨在为微生物共培养的深入研究提供借鉴,并为微生物药物的开发提供新思路.     

“黑麦草-水稻”草田轮作系统的根际效应3.黑麦草根系对土壤生物性状的影响

在证实冬种黑麦草改善土壤理化性状的同时,研究对土壤生物性状的影响,结果表明：冬种黑麦草增加了土壤酶的活性,使脲酶活性提高了２．７５倍,转化酶活性提高了９２．６％;土壤微生物生物量增加１３倍;改善了土壤的微生物区系,细菌数量增加１．２倍,放线菌数量增加３．４倍,真菌数量下降了４４％．这些生物性状的改善,对提高地力和后作水稻的生长和发育具有良好的作用．     

Surface modification of proteins by covalent binding of acrylic polymers

Surface modification of enzymes for a potential use in therapy was obtained with a new type of tailor-made copolymers ofNacryloylmorpholine andN-acryloxysuccinimide. The first monomer was designed to confer solubility on the polymer, whereas the second was used to give it reactivity toward protein amino groups. The reactivity of polymers of different composition towards amino acid derivatives and model proteins, such as catalase and ribonuclease-A, is described. Water soluble and catalytically active enzyme derivatives were obained using copolymers prepared with a mixture of N-acryloxysuccinimide andn-acryloylmorpholine in a 1:99 molar ratio. At increasing molar ratio (3:97, 10:90) extensive crosslinking between polymer and enzymes takes place, yielding insoluble adducts.     

Acid Pullulanase from Bacillus polymyxa MIR-23

Within the frame of a screening program aimed at the isolation of amylolytic sporeformers, one strain with high amylolytic activity designated MIR-23 was selected. The microbial characterization was carried out by morphological and biochemical tests and, by means of statistical treatment, was identified asBacillus polymyxa. The organism could grow in acidic conditions (pH 5.0) on a starch medium and produce α-amylase, pullulanase, and α-glucosidase. Batch cultures showed the highest enzyme activities in the stationary phase. Pullulanase activity exhibited an optimal temperature of 52–57°C at pH 4.5–5.5. These properties would allow its use in the saccharification processes in the starch industries.     

遗传指纹图谱技术对微生物群落的分析

微生物培养技术无法获得自然生境中99％以上的微生物，而可培养的微生物也仅提供极少的形态学线索，鉴定和生理学特性经常是模糊的。分子生物学技术对不可培养微生物的研究，开启了探索微生物多样性和新资源的大门。DNA杂交、rRNA分子标记测序等已经成为研究分子微生物生态学的常规手段，可以鉴定和描述微生物群落的种群，但却不适于探索微生物复杂群落的动力学。遗传指纹图谱技术允许同时进行多样本的分析，可比较不同生境和随时间变化的微生物群落行为，是传统手段的有力补充。     

图书馆藏书中微生物的研究

研究了微生物在图书馆藏书中的基本分布,结果表明:污染图书资料的主要优势菌为霉菌,其次为细菌。楼层不同,人流量不同,微生物的数量相差较大。     

紫外线照射灭菌对空调环境微生物污染的防治

人们在室内的长期停留，越来越依赖于空调环境。但由于某些空调系统片面追求节能，室内的新风量严重不足，加之室内的生物性污染，导致 室内空气品质的严重恶化，对室内工作人员身体健康及生命造成严重威胁。对建筑物内的生物性污染作了较详细的分析，并提出使用紫外线照射灭菌（UVGI）对其防治的具体方法。