Rail vs truck transport of biomass

This study analyzes the economics of transshipping biomass from truck to train in a North American setting. Transshipment will only be economic when the cost per unit distance of a second transportation mode is less than the original mode. There is an optimum number of transshipment terminals which is related to biomass yield. Transshipment incurs incremental fixed costs, and hence there is a minimum shipping distance for rail transport above which lower costs/km offset the incremental fixed costs. For transport by dedicated unit train with an optimum number of terminals, the minimum economic rail shipping distance for straw is 170 km, and for boreal forest harvest residue wood chips is 145 km. The minimum economic shipping distance for straw exceeds the biomass draw distance for economically sized centrally located power plants, and hence the prospects for rail transport are limited to cases in which traffic congestion from truck transport would otherwise preclude project development. Ideally, wood chip transport costs would be lowered by rail transshipment for an economically sized centrally located power plant, but in a specific case in Alberta, Canada, the layout of existing rail lines precludes a centrally located plant supplied by rail, whereas a more versatile road system enables it by truck. Hence for wood chips as well as straw the economic incentive for rail transport to centrally located processing plants is limited. Rail transshipment may still be preferred in cases in which road congestion precludes truck delivery, for example as result of community objections.     

混凝土泵车结构模态分析与试验

针对混凝土泵车臂架系统振动过大的问题,使用ADAMS软件建立了泵车臂架系统的动力学仿真分析模型。通过模态分析,得到了该泵车的固有频率和振型,其一阶固有频率为0.3765Hz,实测一阶固有频率为0.370～0.375Hz,证实了仿真计算的可靠性。实测系统激扰频率为0.296～0.375Hz,与一阶固有频率比较一致,从而找出了该泵车臂架部分振动较大的原因,为该泵车结构改进提供了依据。     

混凝土泵车臂架布料机构及其运动学仿真方法的研究

针对混凝土泵车臂架布料机构特点,对其进行了折叠方式分析,研究了臂架布料杆倍角运动机构,实现了布料机构位姿仿真,给出了包络图形成机制·     

考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度问题

考虑送箱集卡多码头调度的低碳、高效化要求,及为解决集卡不规律到达导致码头拥挤问题而提出的集卡预约集港机制,以单一外堆场调用送箱集卡数量最小及多集装箱码头调度方案碳排放总量最小为目标,构建了单堆场多码头送箱集卡调度模型.设计了改进的蚁群算法对该模型进行求解,得到按时间段划分的港外堆场多码头集卡低碳送箱方案,通过算例验证了所构建模型和算法的有效性.结果表明,考虑碳排放和预约机制的送箱集卡多码头调度方案所需集卡数量少,工作时间短,兼顾了集装箱码头集卡送箱作业低碳和高效的要求.     

混凝土湿喷台车臂架振动模态分析

以国内某公司喷浆台车SPTC25为研究对象,首先利用陀螺仪和加速度传感器在施工现场进行动力学测试,采集到关于臂架在实际施工时的角速度和加速度的时间历程曲线。然后通过数据处理和分析计算,得到臂架在仰俯工况下的振动频率和振幅,分别为1.18 Hz和0.092 m,回转工况下的振动频率和振幅分别为0.98 Hz和0.073 m。其次,对湿喷台车臂架建立了准确的有限元模型,并且进行了模态仿真分析,得到前三阶模态的固有频率和振型。结合隧道施工时的实际操作数据统计,最终得出结论,臂架在施工过程中长时间处于共振状态,使得振幅过大,这是臂架疲劳开裂的主要原因,也为后续湿喷台车臂架的研发和优化提供了新的分析思路。     

多工况下油罐车罐体的轻量化设计

油罐车罐体约占整车质量的12%~24%,对其进行轻量化设计对降低发动机油耗、提高油罐车的操控稳定性等至关重要.然而,金属罐体结构已趋成熟,基于通用金属材料性能及其对应结构层面上的优化已难以满足当前高性能轻量化油罐车的需求.考虑到油罐车多工况工作条件,以及复合材料优异的力学性能和可设计性强的特性,构建了一种新型轻质复合材料罐体结构.基于参数化建模方法构建罐体的三维模型,并通过数值模拟方法详细研究罐体在静态和动态条件下的应力分布情况.通过模态分析来确定罐体的主要基本阶的固有频率和相应振型,为发动机选型提供参考依据.结果表明,在满足多工况性能要求的前提下,复合材料模型质量比钢材降低了64.1%,比铝材降低了19.8%.     

五节臂混凝土泵车的有限元建模与模态分析

为了分析泵车臂架间连接销的轴径向间隙对固有频率的影响,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立5节臂混凝土泵车整车有限元模型,选取常用三种工作姿态进行了模态分析.采用约束方程和弹簧单元相结合的方法模拟销轴径向间隙,分析得出泵车各姿态时的1阶和2阶固有频率以及相应振型.仿真结果表明,销轴径向间隙使泵车臂架固有频率降低,最大减小率达3...     

货车移动遮断影响下的跟驰风险异质性建模

基于移动瓶颈理论和交通流理论构建“货车移动遮断”效应模型,解析货车移动遮断形成机理,选用无人机采集货车移动遮断场景中车辆行驶视频数据并提取高精度车辆跟驰轨迹样本,基于此提出考虑冲突可能性和冲突严重度的小客车跟驰风险评价方法和分级标准,利用RP-ORP模型构建了考虑异质性跟驰风险概率预测模型。结果表明：货车移动遮断动态影响交通流稳定性,其形成过程包括减速跟驰和加速超车两个阶段;考虑异质性的RP-ORP模型能实现特定条件下小客车跟驰行为处于不同风险等级的概率预测,且拟合优度高于FP-ORP模型高;货车纵向加速度、跟驰车头间距、跟驰持续时间、小客车与货车速度差、激进型驾驶员5个变量显著影响小客车跟驰风险水平,且跟驰持续时间和激进型驾驶员2个变量具有随机参数特性。     

New Damage Localization Method for Bridges Using Vertical Support Reaction Data under Truck Load

The localization of damage for bridges to ensure their safety is investigated in this paper.Equivalent element concept is introduced into this study at the beginning.Support reaction data of each bearing under truck load are found to be able to lend themselves to indicate damage.A novel index termed as symmetrical support reaction difference index (SSRDI) is then developed.The reverse mapping between the local flexural stiffness change induced by damage and the SSRDI is generated.The proposed method based on SSRDI can be sensitive to tiny damages,and comparatively simple measurements are required during the application procedure.Another significant attraction of this method is that it can work in the presence of random uncertainties and actual support condition,which means it is suitable for real-world bridges.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulations performed on two kinds of bridges with reasonable damage severities.Its comparative advantage over the previous frequency method is also investigated.