四氯化碳液相催化加氢制氯仿多元金属催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以贵金属M(=Pd,Pt)为主要活性成分,掺加过渡金属Fe和Ni作为助剂,采取浸渍和氢气还原法制备了椰壳活性炭(ACcs)负载的单元金属(M/ACcs)、二元金属(M-Ni/ACcs、M-Fe/ACcs)和三元金属(M-Ni-Fe/ACcs)系列催化剂;通过CC_l4液相催化加氢制氯仿反应考察了这些催化剂的催化活性和选择性。结果表明,Pd基催化剂的催化活性明显高于Pt基催化剂,但后者对氯仿的选择性优于前者;在前5 h加氢反应时段,两系列催化剂的活性顺序为:Pd-Ni-Fe/ACcsPd-Fe/ACcsPd/ACcsPd-Ni/ACcs和Pt/ACcs≈Pt-Fe/ACcsPt-Ni/ACcsPt-Ni-Fe/ACcs;总体上,引入Fe对于催化性能的改善效果要优于Ni,Ni的单独引入则会不同程度地降低催化活性。综合考量成本、活性和选择性等因素,优选Pd-Ni-Fe/ACcs作为催化剂,在393 K下反应5 h,可实现CC_l497.6%的转化率以及接近100%氯仿的选择性。     

多孔二氧化钛对三氯甲烷光催化氧化的影响

报道 了以多孔 二氧化钛 为光催 化剂光催 化降解 水环境中 三氯甲烷 的一些 结果． 在所选定的实验 条件下 经１５ ｈ 光照, Ｃ Ｈ Ｃｌ３ 光催 化分解率 可达８０ ％ 左右 ． 此 结果 有利 于今 后进 一步 开展实用性 光催化 净化反应 器的研制     

顶空液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定盐酸雷尼替丁中二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的残留量

采用顶空液相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术测定雷尼替丁中二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的残留量。自制了萃取液保护装置。考察了萃取溶剂的种类、萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取液的体积对二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷萃取效果的影响。以正十三烷为萃取剂,在60 ℃下萃取30 min,萃取液滴体积2 μL。二氯甲烷含量在1～10 μg/g范围内与色谱峰高呈线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.9733;三氯甲烷含量在1～10 μg/g范围内与色谱峰高呈线性关系,r2为0.9724。二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的最低检出限分别为0.0273 μg/g和0.0410 μg/g,加标回收率分别为93.6%～102%和98.1%～103%。方法简便易行,测定结果准确。     

沸水阻断多聚磷酸盐分解离子色谱法检测水产品中的多聚磷酸盐

多聚磷酸盐在水产品中的快速分解影响其准确测定.用沸水破坏使多聚磷酸盐分解的物质,并用三氯甲烷去除水产品中蛋白质等杂质,离子色谱准确测定多聚磷酸盐各组分的量.实验中采用淋洗液自动发生器产生的KOH溶液作为流动相,保护柱和分离柱采用Ionpac AG11-HC和Ionpac AS11-HC抑制电导检测,可以较好地分离所检测焦磷酸根和三偏磷酸根.该方法操作简单,检出限为10 mg/kg,当水产品中添加多聚磷酸盐标准物质浓度达到10～1000 mg/kg范围时,回收率在70%～110%之间,相对标准偏差小于12% .     

氯仿、硝基苯与三甲苯异构体的过量摩尔体积

在298.15 K下,用振动管密度计在全浓度范围内测量了氯仿、硝基苯分别与均三甲苯、偏三甲苯构成的二元液体混合物的过量摩尔体积VE.其中氯仿与均、偏三甲苯的VE为正值,且均三甲苯＞偏三甲苯;硝基苯与均、偏三甲苯的VE为负值,且偏三甲苯＞均三甲苯.     

IR spectroscopy investigation of molecular association in the acetone-trichlormethane mixture

A significant increase in the stretching band intensity of trichloromethane in IR spectra of its solutions in acetone with increasing acetone mole fraction indicates the formation of hydrogen bonds between their molecules. The integral absorption coefficient (α) of this vibration is calculated. Experimental values of α are approximated by a theoretical dependence using the nonlinear least-squares method; association parameters are obtained. The relative volume fractions of H-bonded and free trichloromethane molecules are calculated depending on the total trichloromethane volume fraction in solution. The structure of the H-bonded associate is determined by quantum chemical calculations.     

高效液相色谱检测冷饮中的靛蓝色素

建立高效液相色谱检测冷饮中靛蓝含量的方法,样品中的靛蓝经三氯甲烷超声波提取,提取液浓缩后用甲醇-异丙醇(1+1)溶解和定容,注入高效液色谱仪检测分析。在所采用的色谱条件下,靛蓝在1～30μg/ml间线性方程的相关系数可达0.9999,重现性的标准偏差为2.35%(n=6),精密度为0.23%,检出限为0.3mg/kg,加标回收率在84%～109%之间。该方法操作简单快捷,结果准确,令人满意。     

Study of intramolecular aminolysis in peptides containing N-alkylamino acids at position 2

Many peptides and proteins, containing N^α-alkylamino acids (including proline) at the second position, are prone to intramolecular aminolysis (IA) with elimination of N-terminal dipeptide sequence as 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKP). We synthesized a series of short peptides, containing N-alkylamino acids at position 2, and studied their stability in the presence of acetic acid and amines. The presence of side chains in the second and the third amino acid residues and alkylation at N^α of the third amino acid residue slowed down IA. N^α-Alkyl residue in the first amino acid residue impeded IA only in peptides, containing three or more residues. Side chains of the first amino acids did not affect significantly the cleavage rates. Acetic acid promoted IA more strongly than aqueous ammonia, while tertiary amines were less effective. Peptides with methionine-S-oxide residues were more labile than the unoxidized analogs, suggesting intramolecular assistance of the S-oxide group in aminolysis. Surprisingly, intermediate compounds of the formula Boc–Met-MeXaa-Sar–NHR underwent rapid cleavage (endopeptolysis) upon attempted acidolytic deprotection.     

Investigation of molecular association in mixtures of dimethylsulfoxide with trichloromethane by vibrational spectroscopy and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ab initio</Emphasis> calculations

Vibrational spectroscopy methods (IR absorption and Raman scattering) are employed to investigate molecular association in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-trichloromethane (TCM) mixtures. A spectral manifestation of the interactions between DMSO and TCM molecules are revealed. The ground state geometry of the complexes of DMSO with TCM (dimers and trimers) are calculated by the ab initio MP2 method using the 6-31G** basis set.     

Heat capacities and densities of mixtures of very polar substances. 3. Mixtures containing either trichloromethane or 1,4-dioxane or diisopropylether

Excess molar heat capacities C _P ^E at constant pressure and excess molar volumes V ^E have been determined, as a function of mole fraction x₁ at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, for 10 binary liquid mixtures containing either trichloromethane (series I) with C₆H₅CH₃, or C₆H₅Cl, or C₅H₅N, or CH₃COCH₃, or C₆H₅NO₂; 1,4-dioxane (series II) with (C₂H₅)₃N, or (CH₃)₂CHOCH(CH₃)₂, or (CH_{3 2}SO); or diisopropyl ether (di-1-methylethyl ether) (series III) with (C₂H₅)₃N, or CHCl₃. The dipole momentsp (10^–30C-m) of the substances range from nearly 0 to 14.1 for nitrobenzene. The C _P ^E of series I and III are all positive, with C _P ^E (x₁=0.5) (J-K^–1-mol^–1) ranging from 1.04 for {x₁CHCl₃+x₂C₆H₅Cl} to 16.66 for {x₁(CH₃)₂CHOCH(CH₃)₂+x₂CHCl₃}. In series II, the C _P ^E are positive and small for {x₁1,4-C₄H₈O₂+x₂(CH₃)₂CHOCH(CH₃)₂}, S-shaped and small for {x₁1,4-C₄H₈O₂+x₂(C₂H₅)₃N}, and negative and small for {x₁1,4-C₄H₈O₂+x₂(CH₃)₂SO}. The excess volumes are small and positive for {x₁CHCl₃+x₂C₆H₅CH₃}, S-shaped for {x₁CHCl₃+x₂CH₃COCH₃}, {x₁1,4-C₄H₈O₂+x₂(C₂H₅)₃N} and {x₁(CH₃)₂CHOCH(CH₃)₂+x₂(C₂H₅)₃N}, and negative for the other systems.Presented at the Symposium, 76^th CSC Congress, Sherbrooke, Quebec, May 30–June 3, 1993, honoring Professor Donald Patterson on the occasion of his 65^th birthday