论科学创新中的问题意识

科学创新是创新主体利用方法和物质手段作用于客体,通过发现、分析和解决问题,从而实现科学观点或理论嬗变的过程。波普等学者提出以问题意识作为科学创新的原点,引发人们对于问题意识的重视。科学创新中的问题意识由诸多要素构成,它遵循问题—怀疑—批判—解决的逻辑通道,在当代的科学创新中彰显着越来越重要的功用。     

新知与旧俗：江西高校大学生性别刻板的觉察与松动

江西高校大学生婚恋观调查结果显示,男女大学生之间存在诸多共性,其相似性远高于差异性。尽管性别差异的确存在,但非常小,不如传媒所传说的那样显著。女大学生较之男大学生而言,性别观念相对更为开放与包容,更反映出对传统性别期待的挑战与突破。     

评杜鲁门时期的美国东南亚政策

随着冷战向亚洲扩展和亚洲冷战格局的形成,杜鲁门政府出台了一系列关于东南亚的政策文件,在美国历史上首次制订了系统、完整的东南亚政策,为美国东南亚冷战政策奠定了重要基础.通过对这些文件的研究,探讨杜鲁门时期的美国东南亚政策.     

论政治生活中个体的自我真实性

在政治生活中,个体利益和国家利益突出表现为一种矛盾形式,这个矛盾最终落在个体的本体诉求上,对个体的本质探寻是一种对"自我真实性"的确证,证明活动细化为对"主体"自我的发掘以及对"客体"自我的发展,"主体"自我的达成成就是理想的"道德自我",而"客体"自我的确立成就是现实的"道德自我"。现实的"道德自我"最容易与国家发生碰撞,并且在经济生活中产生消极影响,即自恋与利己的状态。     

重庆体育专业学生营养知识及饮食态度行为调查研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,对重庆8所高校500名体育专业学生营养知识及饮食态度行为的现状及其相互关系进行了调查、分析与研究,其结果表明,学生饮食态度较好,但营养知识总体得分率偏低、饮食行为存在着明显问题,提出应加强体育专业学生营养知识教育,改善饮食行为,以提高学生的健康素质.     

“行政主导型”村治下的宗族活动情况──江西省泰和县藻苑村情调查

本文以江西省泰和县藻苑村为典型个案，对农村的宗族和村治进行了深入的调查。笔者通过调查发现，该村的宗族活动并不普遍，八个自然村中只有照溪刘氏有过一些宗族活动。但同时也发现，宗族观念还是广泛存在。笔者还考察了藻苑村的村级组织和管理，如果按照著名社会学家马克斯·韦伯的“理想类型”方法划分，该村属于典型的“行政主导型”村治。从村干部对宗族的态度和实际行动也可以看出，该村的宗族力量与村级组织的关系属于“服从村政型”。     

元杂剧中文人与倡优爱情婚姻观所蕴含的社会内容

元杂剧中的一系列士子与倡优的爱情戏,以独特的视角展现了元代文人的爱情婚姻观,深刻体现了元代社会生活的内涵。通过分析元代士妓爱情戏,来阐述文人形象、倡妓形象和商人形象所蕴含的社会内容。     

利用修正低雷诺数k—ε模型对管道分离流动的数值研究

采用适合于分离流的修正低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型对突扩园管中的流动进行了数值研究，重点是对近壁流动和再附着点附近流动的研究。从理论上证明了所采用的湍流模型既满足近壁渐进行为，又避免了在通过再附着点截面上μｔ恒为０的困难。和已有的实验数据比较表明，所采用的模型对再附点位置及其附近的流动预测能力优于普通低雷诺数ｋ－ε模型。     

Turkish Preservice Primary School Teachers' Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Science: The Effect of a Primary Teacher Education Program

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a primary teacher education program in improving science teaching efficacy beliefs (personal science teaching efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancy beliefs) of preservice primary school teachers. The study also investigated whether the program has an effect on student teachers' attitudes toward science. Data were collected by administering the “Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument” and “Attitudes toward Science Scale” to 282 preservice primary teachers (147 freshmen, 135 seniors). Statistical techniques such as means and t‐test were used to analyze the data. Results of the study showed that the primary teacher education program has a medium positive effect on science teaching efficacy beliefs of the primary preservice teachers (t = 4.791, p = .000) and that there were no gender differences in terms of efficacy beliefs. Results also indicated that preservice primary teachers' attitudes toward science were moderately positive and differ by class level. Fourth‐year preservice teachers' attitudes toward science were found to be significantly more positive than the first years (t = 5.494, p = .000). There were no gender differences in attitudes toward science.     

The effects of time constraints on phonatory stability in normally speaking adult women

Forty normally speaking women sustained /a/ five times in two conditions,untimed and timed. In the untimed condition, phonation began whenever the subject felt ready. The timed task required subjects to begin phonation as quickly as possible after the examiner's signal. Conditions were counterbalanced across subjects. Jitter and shimmer values were obtained on a Kay Elemetrics Computerized Speech Lab (Pine Brook, NJ). Three distinct patterns of change emerged for fitter and shimmer from the untimed to the timed condition, reflecting either decreases, increases, or no change in values. These changes in jitter and shimmer values across conditions are related to a reaction time model of “bias toward accuracy.”