一种新型织绵芋螺毒素可增强神经元钙电流

从中国南海织绵芋螺中分离出生物活性强、电生理效应特异的新的芋螺毒素。通过毒素分离纯化,并经生物活性测定,氨基酸测序,电生理效应等研究。分离到1种新的织绵芋螺毒素Tx7,它是由27个氨基酸组成。其序列为GCSSVCNSHTDCVTHCICTFRGCGAVN,并能引起小鼠痉挛,能增强海马神经元钙电流和提高兴奋性突触后电流的发放频率。实验表明Tx7具有较高的潜在应用价值。1实验部分1.1材料与仪器织绵芋螺,昆明种小鼠(20±2g),Bio-rad凝胶HPLC柱,BIFLEXⅢ型飞行时间质谱仪,491型蛋白质自动测序仪。     

聚乙二醇蓄热调温性能及其在功能纺织品上的应用

对聚乙二醇(PEG)的自身交联及其与纤维素纤雏之间的交联反应进行了研究，探讨了交联前后PEG热活性的变化，并对PEG在焙烘交联时的受热稳定性以及分子量对热活性的影响进行了讨论。研究表明，PEG发生交联反应后，热性能参教产生偏移，热活性降低；热活性与分子量有直接关系；过高的焙烘温度将导致PEG氧化降解，热活性下降。在适宜的工艺条件下，纺织品经PEG后整理可获得热活性。     

Interaction between indigo and adsorbed protein as a major factor causing backstaining during cellulase treatment of cotton fabrics

A model microassay system was developed to measure indigo backstaining on cotton fabrics in the presence of enzymes on a small laboratory scale. Backstaining indexes for 11 cellulase samples were measured, and the enzymes were ranked from lower to higher backstaining. Two multienzyme cellulase preparations were separated into fractions using chromatofocusing on a Mono P column. Adsorption ability and backstaining properties of purified enzyme fractions were studied. Evidence was obtained that protein adsorption on cotton fabrics is a crucial parameter causing backstaining (both for crude cellulase samples and purified enzyme components).     

Influence of 1-decanol on the surface tension and wetting power of a new anionic surfactant derived from sugar

We studied the adsorption behaviour at the liquid/air and liquid/solid interface of a new anionic surfactant derived from sugar, the sodium decyl galacturonate. The surface tension of aqueous solutions, measured in equilibrium and as a function of time, is particularly affected by the presence of decanol, synthesis residue, which amount ranges between about 0 and 13%. The surface tension lowering is accelerated in presence of decanol, owing to its rapid diffusion to the interface or/and because it affects the mobility and adsorption process of the anionic surfactant molecules. The wetting power of surfactant solutions were also investigated in relation with textile treatment applications. We measured the kinetics of absorption of surfactant solutions in a piece of standard cotton and compared it to the absorption of pure decanol, a completely wetting liquid and to the absorption of an alkylpolyglucoside. The time at which the fabric piece is saturated appears to be related to the adsorption of surface-active molecules on the fibers at the advancing liquid front/fabric contact line. Decanol was found to promote absorption and micellar life-time seem to reflect the differences observed at high concentration. This study shows the importance of controlling the amount of surface-active residues which may alter the kinetics of surfactant adsorption, particularly in industrial processes where equilibrium conditions are not reached.     

Electron beam irradiated textile cellulose fibres.: ESR studies and derivatisation with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)

Powdered samples of cotton, flax and viscose from textile fibres were subjected to electron beam irradiation (20-400 KGy). ESR signals were observed after irradiation. The intensity of the signals depended on the administered dose and exhibited an exponential decay with time. The ESR spectra, whose pattern depended drastically on the crystallinity of the samples, indicated the simultaneous presence of at least three carbon-centred radical species. When the whole irradiated textile fibres were quenched in a solution of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) a significant increase of the weight was observed, the increase being strongly dependent on the administered dose and on the time interval elapsed between irradiation and quenching. Spectroscopic characterisation evidenced that GMA acted as cellulose radicals scavenger on the unsubstituted carbon of the double bond and was covalently linked to the fibre through a new C-C bond while maintaining unaltered the ester and the epoxide groups, available for further derivatisations. Because irradiation of the whole textile fibres in the range 20-200 KGy does not result in significant degradation of the material, GMA quenching of fibres irradiated in this dose range may represent an attractive route to their functionalisation.     

中国纺织品对外贸易存在的问题与发展对策

后配额时代的全面启动,使全球纺织经济步入新的增长周期.中国纺织业如何融入国际更精细、更紧密的跨国生产网络之中,进一步促进我国纺织产业和世界纺织经济的对接和融合,加快我国纺织品出口增长方式的转变,推动纺织产业持续、快速、健康地发展,是国内外纺织业面临的共同问题.本文分析了我国纺织品对外贸易存在的问题和不足,提出了在后配额时代发展纺织品贸易的对策.     

基于模糊聚类分析的织物质量分级方法

织物性能的分类、分级信息是纺织品质量评估的直观表述。在织物客观评估的基础上，提出了基于减法聚类与模糊C-均值(FCM)聚类的集成方法用于纺织品质量评估分析。该方法以减法聚类算法得出的样本的最佳分类数为基础，用FCM聚类算法得到具体的分类结果。将聚类中心的特征值之和定义为分级指数，进一步用于解决织物质量的分级问题。通过对法国鲁贝高等纺织工程学院自织的43块棉针织物的分析，证明了以上方法在处理纺织品质量分类、分级问题中的有效性。     

红外测温仪在纺织上使用的条件及方法

介绍了红外测温仪在纺织测温方面的应用情况．就预置试样的发射率不同、测量位置不同及试样受到红外辐射的照度不同等３种情况对红外测温仪测量结果的影响，探讨了准确测温的最佳使用条件和方法．     

纺织工业摇架加压测量仪的研制

本文介绍纺织工业摇架加压测量仪的设计思想，工作原理，对力传感器的设计，数显仪表作了详细的说明，指出使用该仪器后能显著提高纱线均匀度的质量。     

关行实现我院“九五”科技发展规划的若干思考

院“九五”科技发展规划为我院在今后五年内的科技发展指出了奋斗目标，本文通过总结我院“八五”期间的科技工作，分析了目前我院实现“九五”规划的有利与不利因素，从科技管理的角度对如何稳步实现“规划”目标提出了一些思路。