Selective synthesis of 14β-amino taxanes

The base induced deprotonation of H-14 of 7-triethylsilyl- (7-TES-) and 7-tert-butoxycarbonyl- (7-BOC-) protected 13-oxo-baccatins gave the corresponding enolates, which were selectively aminated with electrophilic nitrogen donors, such as azodicarboxylates and tosyl azide. In particular, tosyl azide gave the corresponding 7-BOC- and 7-TES-13-oxo-14β-azido-baccatin III. Alternatively, the last compound was prepared via NaN₃ induced azidation of the 13-silyl enol ether of 7-TES-13-oxo-baccatin III under oxidative (cerium ammonium nitrate) conditions. The 13-silyl enol ether was obtained in a multistep process by DBU induced silylation of 7-TES-13-oxo-baccatin III. The 7-TES-13-oxo-14β-azido-baccatin III was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of a new family of antitumour taxanes containing amino based functional groups at the C-14 position, such as: 14β-azido, 14β-amino, 14β-amino 1, 14-carbamate, 14β-amino 1, 14-thiocarbamate, and 14β-amino N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1,14-carbamate.     

A Novel Docetaxel-Biotin Chemical Conjugate for Prostate Cancer Treatment

A novel conjugate of docetaxel and biotin (designated as IDD-1010) was designed and chemically synthesized via an ester linkage at position 2’ carbon in docetaxel. The synthesized pure IDD-1010 exhibits a potent anti-cancer activity in in vitro and in vivo studies. At 10 nM, IDD-1010 has induced increased apoptosis and mitotic arrest of PC3-Luc prostate cancer cells, causing aneuploidy and cell death at higher concentrations. Toxicology studies indicate that the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of IDD-1010 is 150 mg/kg in mice; equivalent to about 12.2 mg/kg of body weight, or to about an 850 mg dose for a patient weighing 70 kg. The MTD-treated mice exhibited weight gain similar to that of the control group, with no gross pathological signs at 14 days post-dosing. At a lower dose, IDD-1010 treatment did not lead to any significant weight loss in mice, although decreased the tumor volume stemming from injecting cancer cells into the dorsal loop of mouse prostate, and it was found to be more potent than Paclitaxel (reference drug). Similarly, IDD-1010 treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and thereby increased the percentage of mice survival as compared to reference drug-treated and control groups. To summarize, the described experiments using IDD-1010, as compared to the reference drug, strongly suggest a potential treatment utility with a wider therapeutic window for prostate cancer. Henceforth, clinical research on such a novel drug candidate would be greatly worthwhile.     

天然紫杉烷类化合物的核磁共振氢谱特征

在系统分析天然紫杉烷类化合物核磁共振氢谱的基础上，对具有不同骨架类型的天然紫杉烷类二萜化合物的核磁共振氢谱的特征进行了总结, 提供了部分不同类型的紫杉烷类化合物的核磁共振氢谱图. 这些¹H NMR特征对于紫杉烷类化合物的结构确定非常有益.     

A stereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder strategy for the tricyclo[9.3.1.0]pentadecane core of aromatic C-ring taxanes

A stereoselective Lewis acid-catalyzed and chelation controlled intramolecular Diels-Alder entry into the tricyclo[9.3.1.0^3,8]pentadecane core of aromatic C-ring taxanes is described. The approach affords an efficient, high yield, access to aromatic C-ring taxanes variably functionalized at the C2, C4, C5, and C9 positions.     

A novel 3,8-seco-taxane metabolite from the seeds of the Chinese yew, Taxus mairei

The structure of a novel 3,8-seco-bicyclic taxanoid metabolite, isolated from the methanol extract of seeds of the Chinese yew, Taxus mairei, was established as (11αH)-3,8-seco-taxa-3E,7E,12(18)-triene-2α,6α,9β-triol (1) on the basis of spectral analysis including ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY and HR-FABMS.     

Three Novel Bicyclic Taxoids from the Needles of the Chinensis yew, Taxus chinensis var mairei

PhytochemicalinvestigationontheneedlesofTaxuschinensisvar.mairei.resultedintheisolati=?nofthreenewbicyclictaxoids1--3alongwithtaxachitrieneA4'.Compoundl,lal, 14.5(c0.001,CHCI,),wasisolatedasacolorlessgummysubstance.TheiRspectrumshowedtheacetoxyanda,0-unsaturatedcarbonylsystembandsat1730and1650cm-l.HR-FAB-MSanalysisatm/z847.3152establishedthequasi-molecularforn'ulaasC.,H,=O.,Na([M Na] ,A(B-0.1mmu).ItsIH-NMRspectrum(Tablel)showedthecharacteristicsignalsoffourtertiarymethylgroupsoftaxo…     

紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒的制备及其体外评价

采用乳化-溶剂蒸发法制备紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒,马尔文激光粒度仪测其粒径及Zeta电位;HPLC法测定纳米粒包封率和载药量;研究载药纳米粒在PBS中的释放动力学;初步评价载药纳米粒在MGC803、HeLa细胞中的摄取及细胞毒性。结果表明,通过包载形成的纳米粒的粒径为(13±1)nm,分布较集中。载体与药物的质量比在20∶1时,紫杉醇的均一性最好,卡巴他赛的包封率最高,达到88.77%。载药纳米粒具有较好的缓释作用,MGC803、HeLa细胞的存活率降低,与临床用注射剂效果相近。紫杉烷类PEG-PDLLA纳米粒的性质、释放、细胞抑瘤率都较好,可为开发紫杉烷类新型静脉注射制剂提供实验依据。     

Efficacy of a Covalent Microtubule Stabilizer in Taxane-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Models

Ovarian cancer often has a poor clinical prognosis because of late detection, frequently after metastatic progression, as well as acquired resistance to taxane-based therapy. Herein, we evaluate a novel class of covalent microtubule stabilizers, the C-22,23-epoxytaccalonolides, for their efficacy against taxane-resistant ovarian cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Taccalonolide AF, which covalently binds β-tubulin through its C-22,23-epoxide moiety, demonstrates efficacy against taxane-resistant models and shows superior persistence in clonogenic assays after drug washout due to irreversible target engagement. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of taccalonolide AF demonstrated efficacy against the taxane-resistant NCI/ADR-RES ovarian cancer model both as a flank xenograft, as well as in a disseminated orthotopic disease model representing localized metastasis. Taccalonolide-treated animals had a significant decrease in micrometastasis of NCI/ADR-RES cells to the spleen, as detected by quantitative RT-PCR, without any evidence of systemic toxicity. Together, these findings demonstrate that taccalonolide AF retains efficacy in taxane-resistant ovarian cancer models in vitro and in vivo and that its irreversible mechanism of microtubule stabilization has the unique potential for intraperitoneal treatment of locally disseminated taxane-resistant disease, which represents a significant unmet clinical need in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients.     

A simple and efficient sample preparation for taxanes in Taxus chinensis needles with natural menthol‐based aqueous deep eutectic solvent

Taxanes are natural anticancer constituents, and the sample preparation from matrix normally depends on organochlorine solvents. In this study, green and natural menthol‐based aqueous deep eutectic solvent was synthesized and used for sample preparation for taxanes. Five key parameters were optimized and the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: menthol/1‐propanol ratio 1:1 (mol/mol), solid–liquid ratio 1:30 g/mL, extraction time 30 min, ultrasonic power 250 W, and water content 80%. Under the above conditions, the total extraction efficiency of seven main taxanes was 1.25‐ to 1.44‐fold to the conventional methods. In addition, a high‐performance liquid chromatography method with C₁₈ column was established for quantitation of seven main taxanes in <25 min, which had excellent linearity (R² > 0.9986), precision (relative standard deviation < 3.00%), repeatability (relative standard deviation < 3.69%), and recovery (90.26–109.00%). This method performed the extraction, and enrichment processes simultaneously, and it had advantages such as high extraction efficiency, simple operation, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. This work indicated that the natural menthol‐based deep eutectic solvent aqueous could be an excellent alternative to the sample preparation from Taxus or other plants.     

液-质联用研究红豆杉提取物中紫杉烷类化合物

建立了一套利用反相高效液相色谱和大气压化学电离质谱联用技术分析红豆杉提取物中微量紫杉烷类化合物的方法。通过研究已知的10种紫杉烷类化合物的保留时间、质谱特征，初步建立了一个紫杉烷类化合物的数据库，利用这些数据可快速鉴定红豆杉提取物中已知的紫杉烷类化合物，并能够对未知化合物做一定程度的结构分析。这种研究方法同样对其他天然产物特别是微量成分结构分析具有指导作用。