场协同理论在椭圆型流动中的数值验证

本文用数值模拟的方法，通过四个椭圆型流动传热的例子验证了场协同理论的正确性．结果表明，场协同理论不仅适合于抛物型流动，亦适合于复杂的有回流的椭圆型流动．     

铜基催化剂的结构、物性及其对混合碳四选择加氢反应的催化性能

 用XRD，XPS，SEM和H2－TPR等手段研究了铜基负载型催化剂的结\r\n构和物性及其对混合碳四加氢脱炔的催化性能．结果表明，在负载铜催\r\n化剂中加入一定量的Co可提高催化剂的加氢脱炔活性，而Co含量较少时\r\n加入少量的Ce也能提高催化剂的活性和选择性．Cu和Co之间存在着相互\r\n协同作用，使得活性组分在催化剂表面偏析，CuO在催化剂表面呈非晶\r\n相分散状态，催化剂颗粒粒径变小，催化剂更容易被还原，从而改善了\r\n催化剂的催化性能．     

Additive telluromolybdates. Structure and catalysis in oxidation

Additive telluromolybdates, MoO₃·2TeO₂ and M^IIO·TeO₂·MoO₃ (M^IITeMoO₆; M^II = Co, Mn, Zn), converted ethyl lactate selectively to pyruvate in a vaporphase fixedbed flow system at 250–300 °C. A synergy in activity was observed for binary TeO₂–MoO₃, and crystalline Te₂MoO₇ was suggested as the active species. The Rietveld analysis of powder XRD patterns of ternary CoTeMoO₆ revealed the layer structure quite different from that of the reference Te₂MoO₇, but tellurium was again located adjacent to molybdenum linked through lattice oxygen.     

高效含氮有机缓蚀剂BIEA及其复配剂的研究

合成了一种含氮有机化合物BIEA，采用失重法和电化学方法，测定了其与丙炔醇复配时在盐酸溶液中对45#钢的缓蚀效果。结果表明：BIEA与丙炔醇有很好的协同作用。BIEA与丙炔醇的复配体可同时抑制45#钢在盐酸中腐蚀的阴极过程与阳极过程，是混合型缓蚀剂。     

PVA改性半纤维素-g-AA/膨润土复合高吸水树脂合成研究

为使再生纤维和造纸行业生产过程中产生的带碱半纤维素废液得到有效利用,解决传统高吸水树脂成本高、耐盐性差、凝胶强度低等问题,以半纤维素、部分中和的丙烯酸、膨润土为原料,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,引入聚乙烯醇（PVA）,在微波辐射条件下合成了聚乙烯醇改性半纤维素-g-丙烯酸/膨润土半互穿网络高吸水树脂,采用FTIR,TG和SEM对产物结构和性能进行表征和测试,考察PVA的引入及其与黏土的协同作用对树脂网络结构和吸液、保水性能的影响。结果表明：在半纤维素-g-丙烯酸/膨润土基础上引入适量的PVA,可以成功制得聚乙烯醇改性半纤维素-g-丙烯酸/膨润土复合高吸水树脂;当PVA质量分数为3%时,树脂的吸水率和吸盐水率分别提高了40.6%和34.7%;改性后树脂的三维网络结构得到有效改善,表现出良好的吸液性能和保水性能。在纤维素综合利用中,利用半纤维素废碱液制备高吸水树脂,可以变废为宝,经济效益和社会效益明显。     

香气成分的协同作用研究进展

天然产物中香气成分繁多且结构各异,这些香气成分能客观地反映天然产物的风味特点。从嗅觉产生的机理、特征香气分子形成理论和香气物质间协同作用研究方法等方面对天然产物的香气研究进展进行阐述,即通过嗅觉受体与香气分子结合,激活并传导到大脑皮层,最终完成香气感知,解释了嗅觉产生过程;从分子振动理论和识别理论角度,解释了天然产物特征香气形成原因;从阈值法、S型曲线法、OAV法、σ-τ图法等宏观层面,钙离子成像法和细胞电生理等微观层面的两个角度,解释了香气物质间的相互协同作用方法,并总结了存在的问题,对未来研究方向进行展望。     

Engineering Platinum–Oxygen Dual Catalytic Sites via Charge Transfer towards Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution

A dual‐site catalyst allows for a synergetic reaction in the close proximity to enhance catalysis. It is highly desirable to create dual‐site interfaces in single‐atom system to maximize the effect. Herein, we report a cation‐deficient electrostatic anchorage route to fabricate an atomically dispersed platinum–titania catalyst (Pt₁^O1/Ti_1?xO₂), which shows greatly enhanced hydrogen evolution activity, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst in mass by a factor of 53.2. Operando techniques and density functional calculations reveal that Pt₁^O1/Ti_1?xO₂ experiences a Pt?O dual‐site catalytic pathway, where the inherent charge transfer within the dual sites encourages the jointly coupling protons and plays the key role during the Volmer–Tafel process. There is almost no decay in the activity of Pt₁^O1/Ti_1?xO₂ over 300 000 cycles, meaning 30 times of enhancement in stability compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts (10 000 cycles).     

Optimization of flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube

Conservation equations for sensible and latent entransy are established for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube, and the entransy dissipation expression is deduced. The field synergy equation is obtained on the basis of the extremum entransy dissipation principle for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation. The optimal velocity field is numerically obtained by solving the field synergy equation. The results show that the optimal velocity field contains multiple longitudinal vortices near the tube surface. These improve the synergy not only between the velocity and temperature fields but also between the velocity and vapor concentration fields. Therefore, the turbulent heat and mass transfers are significantly enhanced.     

Ni-M/SiO2催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢的金属助剂效应

以SiO₂气凝胶为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO₂及不同金属助剂改性的Ni-M/SiO₂（M=Fe、Co、Cu）催化剂,利用ICP、BET、XRD、H₂-TPR、H₂-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,考察了不同第二金属对催化剂结构与1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能的影响.结果表明,第二金属与Ni物种具有不同程度的双金属协同效应,其中Cu的加入不仅能够提高Ni活性物种的分散度,而且Ni-Cu双金属间的相互作用改善了NiO物种的还原性能及氢活化能力,有利于氢和1,4-丁炔二醇在活性位点的快速转化.在反应温度50℃,氢压1 MPa,反应时间3 h的加氢评价条件下,15Ni5Cu/SiO₂催化剂不仅可以实现1,4-丁炔二醇的完全转化,而且能够有效降低难分离副产物2-羟基四氢呋喃的含量,具有最优的加氢活性和对1,4-丁烯二醇的选择性.