Chern and Pontryagin Numbers in Perfect Symmetries of Spheres

The paper presents a procedure for constructing smooth actions of finite perfect groups on spheres with fixed point sets having certain prescribed properties (Theorem A); in particular, having any prescribed configuration of Chern and Pontryagin numbers (Corollary C). The main ingredients used are equivariant thickening and equivariant surgery.     

The π-π-theorem for manifold pairs with boundaries

The surgery obstruction of a normal map to a simple Poincaré pair (X, Y) lies in the relative surgery obstruction group L _*(π ₁(Y) → π ₁(X)). A well-known result of Wall, the so-called π-π-theorem, states that in higher dimensions a normal map of a manifold with boundary to a simple Poincaré pair with π ₁(X) ? π ₁(Y) is normally bordant to a simple homotopy equivalence of pairs. In order to study normal maps to a manifold with a submanifold, Wall introduced the surgery obstruction groups LP _* for manifold pairs and splitting obstruction groups LS _*. In the present paper, we formulate and prove for manifold pairs with boundary results similar to the π-π-theorem. We give direct geometric proofs, which are based on the original statements of Wall’s results and apply obtained results to investigate surgery on filtered manifolds.     

上皮生长因子预防心脏术后心包粘连的实验及临床研究

目的探讨上皮生长因子(EGF)对心脏术后心包粘连的预防作用.方法术中对犬心包内喷洒上皮生长因子3个月后,观察心包粘连情况;选先天性心脏病、房缺及室缺病人40例,术中心包内喷洒上皮生长因子,术后6个月、12个月经CT检查,判定心包粘连、增厚结果.结果在动物实验和临床研究中,实验组粘连程度显著低于对照组(P<0.01).结论 EGF心包内应用有明显预防心脏术后心包粘连的作用.     

Spontaneous Surgery on the Borromean Rings

We study the cone-manifolds whose singular sets are obtained by orbifold and spontaneous surgeries on components of the Borromean rings. We establish existence of geometric structures on these manifolds. For manifolds with hyperbolic structure we obtain an integral representation for volumes.     

58例心脏直视手术后复苏体会

目的:总结分析我院心脏直视手术后进入ICU复苏的早期临床结果和经验体会。方法:2002年7月-2004年10月在我院开展的心脏直视手术58例转入ICU复苏,年龄最小3岁,最大58岁,体重14-90kg,男性48%。其中,先天性心脏病房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损修补术后43例,瓣膜置换术后14例,瓣膜置换 冠状动脉搭桥术后1例。结果:58例术后复苏成功55例,安全转入普通病房痊愈出院,生存率94.82%。1例死于缓慢型心律失常,1例死于突发心跳骤停,1例死于胸腔出血致失血性休克,病死率5.18%。结论:心脏病病人术后病情变化快,危险性大,需密切监护,及时处理。若监护不力或处理不当,随时有可能造成不良后果,甚至危及生命。     

一种基于虚拟手术的三维碰撞检测算法

为了解决虚拟手术的快速碰撞检测问题,提出了一种新的基于方向包围盒层次树的快速碰撞检测算法,利用简化的几何模型表示一方向包围盒层次树来实现复杂物体间的实时碰撞检测.算法在继承一般基于方向包围盒的碰撞检测算法优点的同时,突破了它们的局限性,能够在保证效率的前提下处理任意形状多面体之间的碰撞检测问题.同时采用了三角形带压缩技术和方向包围盒技术来加快碰撞检测阶段的绘制速度,从而提高碰撞检测的效率.     

VR/AR技术在人体解剖教学及手术培训中的应用

虚拟现实技术为解剖教学和手术培训提供了一种逼真、立体、可完全情景再现式反复操作的学习环境,在降低实践成本、提升培训质量和效率、提高手术成功率等方面展现出了极大的优势。结合实际项目剖析了一款基于HoloLens的人体解剖教学系统,包括功能需求、软硬件平台的选择、关键开发技术及实现效果。分析了虚拟人体解剖及手术培训领域存在的问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向。     

Mass spectrometry imaging as a tool for surgical decision‐making

Despite significant advances in image‐guided therapy, surgeons are still too often left with uncertainty when deciding to remove tissue. This binary decision between removing and leaving tissue during surgery implies that the surgeon should be able to distinguish tumor from healthy tissue. In neurosurgery, current image‐guidance approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with neuronavigation offer a map as to where the tumor should be, but the only definitive method to characterize the tissue at stake is histopathology. Although extremely valuable information is derived from this gold standard approach, it is limited to very few samples during surgery and is not practically used for the delineation of tumor margins. The development and implementation of faster, comprehensive, and complementary approaches for tissue characterization are required to support surgical decision‐making – an incremental and iterative process with tumor removed in multiple and often minute biopsies. The development of atmospheric pressure ionization sources makes it possible to analyze tissue specimens with little to no sample preparation. Here, we highlight the value of desorption electrospray ionization as one of many available approaches for the analysis of surgical tissue. Twelve surgical samples resected from a patient during surgery were analyzed and diagnosed as glioblastoma tumor or necrotic tissue by standard histopathology, and mass spectrometry results were further correlated to histopathology for critical validation of the approach. The use of a robust statistical approach reiterated results from the qualitative detection of potential biomarkers of these tissue types. The correlation of the mass spectrometry and histopathology results to MRI brings significant insight into tumor presentation that could not only serve to guide tumor resection, but that is also worthy of more detailed studies on our understanding of tumor presentation on MRI. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In-bone protein digestion followed by LC-MS/MS peptide analysis as a new way towards the routine proteomic characterization of human maxillary and mandibular bone tissue in oral surgery

Proteomic characterization of alveolar bones in oral surgery represents an analytical challenge due to their insoluble character. The implementation of a straightforward technique could lead to the routine use of proteomics in this field. This work thus developed a simple technique for the characterization of bone tissue for human maxillary and mandibular bones. It is based on the direct in-bone tryptic digestion of proteins in both healthy and pathological human maxillary and mandibular bone samples. The released peptides were then identified by the LC-MS/MS. Using this approach, a total of 1120 proteins were identified in the maxillary bone and 1151 proteins in the mandibular bone. The subsequent partial least squares–discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) of protein data made it possible to reach 100% discrimination between the samples of healthy alveolar bones and those of the bone tissue surrounding the inflammatory focus. These results indicate that the in-bone protein digestion followed by the LC-MS/MS and subsequent statistical analysis can provide a deeper insight into the field of oral surgery at the molecular level. Furthermore, it could also have a diagnostic potential in the differentiation between the proteomic patterns of healthy and pathological alveolar bone tissue. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD026775.     

Organ Repair,Hemostasis, and In Vivo Bonding of Medical Devices by Aqueous Solutions of Nanoparticles

Sutures are traumatic to soft connective tissues, such as liver or lungs. Polymer tissue adhesives require complex in vivo control of polymerization or cross‐linking reactions and currently suffer from being toxic, weak, or inefficient within the wet conditions of the body. Herein, we demonstrate using Stöber silica or iron oxide nanoparticles that nanobridging, that is, adhesion by aqueous nanoparticle solutions, can be used in vivo in rats to achieve rapid and strong closure and healing of deep wounds in skin and liver. Nanoparticles were also used to fix polymer membranes to tissues even in the presence of blood flow, such as occurring after liver resection, yielding permanent hemostasis within a minute. Furthermore, medical devices and tissue engineering constructs were fixed to organs such as a beating heart. The simplicity, rapidity, and robustness of nanobridging bode well for clinical applications, surgery, and regenerative medicine.