Super‐ and Ferroelastic Organic Semiconductors for Ultraflexible Single‐Crystal Electronics

Like silicon, single crystals of organic semiconductors are pursued to attain intrinsic charge transport properties. However, they are intolerant to mechanical deformation, impeding their application in flexible electronic devices. Such contradictory properties, namely exceptional molecular ordering and mechanical flexibility, are unified in this work. We found that bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐P) crystals can undergo mechanically induced structural transitions to exhibit superelasticity and ferroelasticity. These properties arise from cooperative and correlated molecular displacements and rotations in response to mechanical stress. By utilizing a bending‐induced ferroelastic transition of TIPS‐P, flexible single‐crystal electronic devices were obtained that can tolerate strains (?) of more than 13 % while maintaining the charge carrier mobility of unstrained crystals (μ>0.7 μ₀). Our work will pave the way for high‐performance ultraflexible single‐crystal organic electronics for sensors, memories, and robotic applications.     

超弹性NiTi丝力学性能试验研究

本文对NiTi形状记忆合金丝的超弹性性能进行了试验研究,验证其用于被动控制装置的可行性。研究了常温下加载速率、应变幅值、循环次数等加载工况对形状记忆合金的相变应力、耗能能力、变形模量、等效阻尼比及残余应变等力学性能参数的影响规律。试验分析结果表明,NiTi丝具有良好的耗能性能、较大的可恢复变形,是制作被动阻尼器装置的良好材料。为进一步开发新型SMA被动阻尼器奠定了基础。     

Three dimensional large deformation analysis of phase transformation in shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys（SMAs）have been explored as smart materials and used as dampers,actuator elements,and smart sensors.An important character of SMAs is its ability to recover all of its large deformations in mechanical loading-unloading cycles without showing permanent deformation.This paper presents a stress-induced phenomenological constitutive equation for SMAs,which can be used to describe the superelastic hysteresis loops and phase transformation between Martensite and Austenite.The Martensite fraction of SMAs is assumed to be dependent on deviatoric stress tensor.Therefore,phase transformation of SMAs is volume preserving during the phase transformation.The model is implemented in large deformation finite element code and cast in the updated Lagrangian scheme.In order to use the Cauchy stress and the linear strain in constitutive laws,a frame indifferent stress objective rate has to be used.In this paper,the Jaumann stress rate is used.Results of the numerical experiments conducted in this study show that the superelastic hysteresis loops arising with the phase transformation can be effectively captured.     

Ni54Fe19Ga27单晶的形状记忆和超弹性

本文研究了单晶Ni₅₄Fe₁₉Ga₂₇不同方向的形状记忆效应、超弹性和磁性. 研究发现,单晶样品具有良好的双向形状记忆效应.不同晶体学方向的相变应变随着热循环次数的变化而改变. 在外应力作用下,通过应力诱发马氏体相变,样品在[001],[110],[111]方向分别产生了3.3%, 2% 和3%的可回复应变平台.磁性测量结果表明马氏体的磁晶各向异性能约为4.8× 10⁵ erg/cm³,远远小于变体孪生所需机械应力能,因此磁场的作用是使磁矩发生转动而不是使孪晶界移动, 成功揭示了不能在NiFeGa中获得大磁感生应变的物理根源.     

一种超弹性SMA复合阻尼器的设计与试验

根据形状记忆合金(SMA)的超弹性特性,设计、制造了一种SMA复合摩擦阻尼器,该阻尼器利用SMA超弹性阻尼与SMA丝的约束作用使阻尼器内部产生摩擦来共同耗散振动能量.介绍了阻尼器的结构构造及工作原理.通过试验研究了加载频率、位移幅值对阻尼器力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,在试验频率范围内,阻尼器的刚度、输出力、耗能等主要力学参数随加载频率的改变而变化较小;位移幅值是影响这些力学参数的主要因素,当阻尼器在小位移的情况下,其刚度变化较小,而输出力和耗能与位移基本成线性关系.但在大位移的情况下,阻尼器的输出力变化较小,而其割线刚度减小,耗能有大幅度的增加.分析表明,该SMA复合阻尼器是一种位移相关性的变刚度阻尼器.     

工程结构的SMA超弹性阻尼研究

分析了形状记忆合金(SMA)超弹性阻尼减振技术的机理，介绍了国外对于形状记忆合金超弹性阻尼的研究成果．通过试验研究了温度、加载频率、循环次数及预变形等因素对国产NiTi合金丝的超弹性阻尼的影响．研究结果表明：①形状记忆合金的超弹性温度区间在50℃左右，阻尼性能对温度的敏感性较小；②加载频率对形状记忆合金的超弹性阻尼有一定影响，但在工程结构常用的频率范围内基本保持稳定；③循环次数在一定程度上影响形状记忆合金的超弹性行为，但在数个循环周期以后，基本趋于稳定；④通过施加预应变，形状记忆合金的超弹性阻尼性能大为改善．因此利用SMA的超弹性阻尼特性可以研制出性能良好的耗能减振装置，有效地改善和提高土木工程结构的性能．     

Thermomechanical coupling in shape memory alloys under cyclic loadings: Experimental analysis and constitutive modeling

In this paper, we examine the influence of thermomechanical coupling on the behavior of superelastic shape memory alloys subjected to cyclic loading at different loading rates. Special focus is given to the determination of the area of the stress-strain hysteresis loop once the material has achieved a stabilized state. It is found that this area does not evolve monotonically with the loading rate for either transient or asymptotic states. In order to reproduce this observation analytically, a new model is developed based on the ZM model for shape memory alloys which was modified to account for thermomechanical coupling. The model is shown to predict the non-monotonic variation in hysteresis area to good accord. Experimentally observed variations in the temperature of SMA test samples are also correctly reproduced for lower strain rates.     

SMA超弹性阻尼特性的试验研究

通过试验,研究了温度、加载速率、应变幅值、循环次数、施加预应力等因素对SMA和-种CT形SMA阻尼器的影响,研究结果表明:利用SMA的超弹性阻尼特性可以研制出性能良好的耗能减震装置,在土木工程的抗震加固方面有较好的应用前景.     

形状记忆合金及机敏复合材料(英)

叙述了形状记忆合金的形状记忆效应机制,并且针对形状记忆合金与其他功能材料复合而成的机敏复合材料,结合作者的研究工作对各种复合材料的性能和应用进行了研究讨论．     

SMA纤维复合材料超弹性滞回特性研究

本对SMA纤维复合材料的轴向超弹性滞回特性进行理论分析，首先采用三相同心圆柱体模型和多胞模型计算材料的宏细观力学性能及其纤维轴向应力应变响应曲线。超弹性滞回特性的数值计算则采用平均抛物线插值法，最后给出环氧树脂/Ni-44.8wt%Ti纤维复合材料的具体数值结果。