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1.
2.
A set of invariants describing the limit regimes of braking disk-type wound composite flywheels is suggested. The limit regime is determined by using a linear failure criterion. It is shown that, for generating short-time impulses of very high power, a set of small identical flywheels is more effective than one large flywheel with an equivalent mass. Particular examples illustrating the theory considered are discussed. 相似文献
3.
D—^3He聚变动力可行性研究 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
本文首先简要地讨论D-3He聚变的物理要求并与D-T聚变作相应的比较,然后运用目前的约束定律和第一稳定区β极限,对计划的近期ETR规模装置(如CIT,TIBER,FER,NET)进行D-3He得失相当和点火实验的可行性研究,并对高径比第二稳定区D-3He托卡马克堆进行参数学研究,最后指出潜在的缩短商用化进程可能性。 相似文献
4.
A multiparameter boundary-value problem of fresh infiltration water seepage in a drained fringe above quiescent saline water is solved in the direct statement and studied in detail. 相似文献
5.
Summary Nonstationary regimes of the wave turbulence evolution are considered in the framework of isotropic kinetic equation. It is
predicted analytically and confirmed by numerical experiment that there is a class of wave systems in which any initial distribution
of the turbulence energy ink-space comes into a universal, Kolmogorovtype spectrum in a finite time. Before and after the formation of the Kolmogorov
spectrum, two different self-similar regimes of evolution occur: the first one is responsible for explosively forming the
universal spectrum and the second one determines energy dissipation. 相似文献
6.
Heat transfer from a plasma flow to a metallic or nonmetallic spherical particle is studied in this paper for the extreme case of free-molecule flow regime. Analytical expressions are derived for the heat flux due to, respectively, atoms, ions, and electrons and for the floating potential on the sphere exposed to a two-temperature plasma flow. It has been shown that the local or average heat flux density over the whole sphere is independent of the sphere radius and approximately in direct proportion to the gas pressure. The presence of a macroscopic relative velocity between the plasma and the sphere causes substantially nonuniform distributions of the local heat flux and enhances the total heat flux to the sphere. The heat flux is also enhanced by the gas ionization. Appreciable difference between metallic and nonmetallic spheres is found in the distributions along the oncoming flow direction of the floating potential and of the local heat flux densities due to ions and electrons. The total heat flux to the whole sphere is, however, almost the same for these different spheres. For a fixed value of the electron temperature, the heat flux decreases with increasing temperature ratio Te/Th. 相似文献
7.
A. I. Bostan Yu. I. Pyatnitskii L. N. Raevskaya V. G. Pryanikova S. A. Nedil’ko A. G. Dzyaz’ko E. G. Zen’kovich 《Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry》2005,41(1):32-36
The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) in a periodic regime over the SrMnO3 and its derivatives has been investigated. It has been established that partial replacement of the strontium ion by alkali metal ions leads to an increase in both catalytic activity and in selectivity with respect to higher hydrocarbons. Comparison of the results obtained in the present work with those obtained earlier for catalysts based on SrCoO3 led to the conclusion that the Co-containing catalysts were preferable to the Mn-containing catalysts for carrying out oxidative coupling of methane in a periodic regime.__________Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimentalnaya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 30–34, January–February, 2005. 相似文献
8.
Roger Douillard 《Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces》1993,1(6):333-340
Knowledge of the equation of state of adsorbed or deposited layers of proteins at the air/water interface is of fundamental interest in the understanding of the surface activity of these molecules. Using scaling laws of current polymer theories, it has been shown that the equation of state of the interfacial layer in the semi-dilute regime should relate the surface pressure to the surface concentration through a power law. The exponent of this power law should reflect the quality of the solvent and the conformation of the adsorbed polypeptide chain. In the case of β-lactoglobulin layers, in the range of surface concentrations that should correspond to the semi-dilute regime, the relationship between surface pressure and surface concentration is expressed as a power law. The exponent of this power law is strongly influenced by the nature of the aqueous substrate and by the net charge of the protein molecule. The use of scaling laws gives a coherent view of the expansion of the polypeptide chain in the interfacial layer and of the relationship between surface concentration and surface pressure in the semi-dilute regime. This result favours a strong similarity between β-lactoglobulin and a polymer chain in the interfacial layer. It is concluded that current theories of polymer adsorption could be applied to interfacial protein layers. 相似文献
9.
The reaction of fluorobenzene with urotropine in trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA) at high pressures and temperatures affords predominantly fluorobenzaldehydes andN-(fluorophenylmethyl)trifluoroacetamides. The yields of these products depend considerably on the reaction conditions. The rates of their formation have the maximum values at the momemt of the phase transition (PT) of TFAA. A new efficient cyclic (dynamic) regime is proposed for the synthesis at high pressures. The regime involves periodically occurring PT of the solvent. The change in the relative rate of product formation with the degree of fluorobenzene conversion is wave-like.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 319–323, February, 1995. 相似文献
10.
Drag force on a metallic or nonmetallic spherical particle exposed to a plasma flow is studied for the extreme case of a free-molecule regime. Analytical expressions are derived for the drag components due to, respectively, atoms, ions, and electrons and for the total drag on the whole sphere due to all the gas species. It has been shown that the drag is proportional to the square of the particle radius or the drag coefficient is independent of the particle radius. At low gas temperatures with a negligible degree of ionization, the drag is caused mainly by atoms and could be predicted by using the well-known drag expression given in ordinary-temperature rarefied gas dynamics. On the other hand, the drag is caused mainly by ions at high plasma temperatures with a great degree of ionization. The contribution of electrons to the total drag is always negligible. Ignoring gas ionization at high plasma temperatures would overestimate the particle drag. There is a little difference between metallic and nonmetallic spheres in their total drag forces, with a slightly higher value for a metallic sphere at high plasma temperatures, but usually such a small difference could be neglected in engineering calculations. The drag increases rapidly with increasing gas pressure or oncoming speed ratio. For a two-temperature plasma, the drag increases at low electron temperatures but decreases at high electron temperatures with the increase in the electron/heavy-particle temperature ratio.Nomenclature
C
d
Drag coefficient
-
e
Elementary charge
-
f
D,F
D
Local and total drag (N/m
2 andN)
-
f
–
Velocity distribution function for incident gas particles
-
f
+
Velocity distribution function for reflected gas particles
-
k
Boltzmann's constant
-
m
Gas particle mass (kg)
-
n
Number density of gas species (m
–3)
-
P
–,P
+
Surface pressure due to incident and reflected gas particles
-
R
0
Sphere radius (m)
-
S
Speed ratio,S
j=U/(2kT
j/mj)1/2
-
T
e,T
h
Electron and heavy-particle (atom, ion) temperature
-
T
w
Wall temperature
-
U
Oncoming plasma flow velocity
-
v
x, vy, vz
Velocity components of gas particles in thex, y, andz directions (m/sec)
-
v
Thermal motion speed of gas particles,v
j
=(8kT
j
/m
j
)1/2
-
v
ze
Smallestv
z of electrons which could reach the sphere surface,v
ze=(2e/m
e)1/2 (m/sec)
-
v
zw
Value ofv
z of ions or electrons as arriving at the sphere surface (m/sec)
-
Center angle
-
Gas density (kg/m3)
-
Shear stress (N/m2)
-
Absolute value of the floating potential (V)
- ,
Local and total particle fluxes incident to the surface
- a
Atoms
- e
Electrons
- h
Heavy particles
- i
Ions
-
j
jth gas species
- m
Metallic sphere
- mn
Nonmetallic sphere
A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry held in Tokyo, September 1987. 相似文献