土家药山姜水提物的安全性初步评价

本研究的目的是评价山姜根茎水提物的急性和亚急性毒性及其安全性.以ICR小鼠为试验对象,将急性毒性试验分为山姜水提物组和对照组,实验组以最大耐受量单次给药5 g/kg;亚急性毒性试验分为山姜水提物低剂量组（1.3 g/kg）、高剂量组（2.6 g/kg）和对照组,实验组每天灌胃1次,连续15 d.给药后观察小鼠的行为特征,体重变化,并记录脏器系数,检测小鼠血样中尿素氮、肌酐含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力,对小鼠的肝组织进行H&E染色.结果表明：在急性毒性试验中,山姜水提物组与对照组结果差异无统计学意义;在亚急性毒性试验中,山姜水提物高剂量组肌酐含量低于对照组（P<0.05）,山姜水提物高剂量组的肝脏器系数高于对照组（P<0.05）,但其余各器官脏器系数,尿素氮、肌酐含量,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力和对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义,小鼠肝组织病理结果显示无异常.实验结果提示山姜水提物未引起明显急性毒性和亚急性毒性反应.性     

LC–DAD/ESI–MS/MS characterization of phenolic constituents in Rosa canina L. and its protective effect in cells

In an aim to prove the efficiency of polyphenols of Rosa canina fruits in promoting human health. A methanolic extract of R. canina fruits was prepared by successive maceration with solvents of increasing polarity. The polyphenol composition was analyzed by HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS. The biological activity of this extract on SH-SY5Y cells and HepG2 cells was then studied. The antioxidant activity was tested by various in vitro tests such as DPPH-radical-scavenging activity, FRAP assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant capacity. The subacute toxicity of R. canina was tested on female rats by repeated intraperitoneal administration of various doses. The phenolic profiles showed 25 antioxidants distributed into three classes of phenolic compounds: glycosylated and agglomerated flavonoids/isoflavonoids, tannins and phenanthrenes. Qualitative phytochemical analyses showed that this extract lacks alkaloids. The methanolic extract of R. canina fruits has a total antioxidant capacity of 82.69 ± 1.18 μg EAA/mg of methanol extract and the IC₅₀ of the methods used is in the following increasing order: FRAP assay (61.88 μg/ml), then hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (67.45 μg/ml) and then DPPH radical-scavenging activity (129.81 μg/ml). The extract of R. canina did not cause any phenotypic signs of toxicity or mortality during and after treatment. The LD₅₀ was >5,000 mg/kg, hence, R. canina was considered nontoxic. An in vivo study proved the protective effect of R. canina against cardiac and hepato-renal toxicities. These results drew the importance of a healthy diet, where diets rich in R. canina fruits can be used as a rich natural source of antioxidants and anticarcinogenic phenolic compounds.     

自拟固肠促长散对小白鼠的亚急性毒性试验

用自拟的固肠促长散的中药液,分别以0.3,0.2,0.1 mL/只的剂量给小白鼠灌胃,每组灌胃体积均为0.3 mL,对照组灌等量生理盐水,连续灌胃14 d,观察和测定停药后第l天和第14天各组小白鼠的临床症状、体质量、血常规、血清生化指标,并观察心、肝、脾、肺、肾等组织器官的变化。结果表明,试验组各项指标均在正常范围内,与对照组相比无显著差异。以上结果表明,固肠促长散对小白鼠无亚急性毒性,临床应用安全。     

核素显像诊断亚急性甲状腺炎93例临床研究

目的探讨核素显像诊断亚急性甲状腺炎的意义.方法收集已临床确诊的93例亚急性甲状腺炎患者临床资料,对其^99 mTcO4^-甲状腺显像、血清免疫学检查和甲状腺摄碘^131率测定结果进行分析.结果 72例患者甲状腺静态显像表现为甲状腺两叶或一叶不显影,12例患者表现为局部放射性稀疏或缺损.核素显像阳性率为90.3%（84/93）,血清学检测结果阳性率为89.2%（83/93）,甲状腺摄碘^131率阳性率为84.9%（79/93）.结论甲状腺静态显像对诊断亚急性甲状腺炎具有不可替代的作用.     

Clinical studies on rising and re-rising neurological diseases in Japan – A personal contribution –

Throughout my research life, I experienced to discover the causes of some neurological diseases in Japan.

1. SMON (subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy). Since the early 1960s, a peculiar neurological disease became prevalent throughout Japan. Through the chemical analysis of the green urine, characteristic of this disease, it was found that this disease was caused by intoxication of the administered clioquinol, an anti-diarrheal drug. This discovery is a big topic in the history of Japanese medicine.
2. In early 1970s, I experienced many young patients with oedema and polyneuropathy in Kagoshima. Finally it was found that the disease was the long-forgotten beriberi, which had disappeared several decades ago. We must always be aware of beriberi even now, as far as we eat well-polished rice.
3. In 1972, we noticed a group of sporadic paraparesis in Kagoshima, which was 20 years later confirmed to be induced by human T lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I). We named this disease as “HTLV-I associated myelopathy” (HAM). It gave a strong impact that the causative virus of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) can induce entirely different diseases, in terms of both the clinical course and the pathological features. It was also proven that HAM was identical with tropical spastic paraparesis, (TSP), which had been prevalent in many areas of tropical zones.

These experiences are good examples of our slogan “to keep in mind to send message of scientific progress from the local area to the international stage”.     

天麻多糖对亚急性衰老模型小鼠自由基代谢的影响

研究天麻多糖对衰老小鼠自由基代谢的影响。分别测定小鼠血清、肝、脑、心组织中的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:与模型组小鼠相比,天麻多糖大剂量组可显著提高衰老小鼠血清、肝、脑、心组织中SOD和CAT活性(P<0. 01),明显抑制衰老小鼠血清、肝、脑、心组织中MDA的形成,可显著提高衰老小鼠血清中GSH-Px的活性。说明天麻多糖具有较好的清除自由基,降低MDA的含量,延缓细胞衰老的作用。     

Acute and Subacute Toxicity and Cytotoxicity of Opuntia Dillenii (Ker-Gawl) Haw. Seed Oil and Its Impact on the Isolated Rat Diaphragm Glucose Absorption

This study aims to assess the safety of the Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl) haw. seed oil (ODSO) and its effect on the glucose absorption activity of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm. This oil’s safety was studied by exploring its acute (doses 1, 3, 5, and 7 mL/kg) and subacute (doses 1 and 2 mL/kg) toxicities in albino mice and Wistar rats, respectively. The safety of the ODSO was also assessed by studying its effect on the HepG2 cell viability in vitro. The effect of ODSO, or combined with the insulin, on the glucose absorption activity of isolated rat hemidiaphragm was evaluated at the dose 1 g/L in vitro. The results demonstrated the safety of ODSO. Indeed, this study showed that this oil does not produce any mortality or signs of toxicity after the single-dose administration in mice. Additionally, the daily intake of the ODSO during four weeks does not induce a significant variation in the biochemical parameters and body weight of rats compared with the control group. Besides, the cell viability of HepG2 did not change in the presence of ODSO. On the other hand, the ODSO increased the glucose absorption activity of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm, and this activity was significantly enhanced when combined with insulin. This study confirms, on one side, the safety of this oil and its efficacy and, on the other side, encourages its potential use as a complement to treat diabetes.     

大鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型的建立

目的 本研究参照国内学者一些造模方法,结合人体食用方式和饮酒习惯,通过对比饮用不同酒精剂量、不同饮用时间得出建立酒精性肝损伤的最易条件。方法 选用SPF级雌性Wistar大鼠(初始体质量150～180 g)30只,随机分为模型组和对照组。模型组分别给予酒精含量为15%、30%的普通白酒,对照组给予蒸馏水,以15 mL/kg·BW经口灌胃方式给予,试验周期分为8周。实验结束时从大鼠眼眶静脉丛采血,测定血清中谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨基酸转移酶(AST)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH);取肝脏,测定肝脏组织MDA、SOD、GSH、TG及肝脏组织病理学损伤。结果 结果显示, MDA 30%酒精组与空白对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。模型组大鼠血脂代谢紊乱、肝内脂肪蓄积,病理组织学检查可见弥漫性的肝细胞脂肪变性,细胞内可见大小不等的脂肪滴,从肝脏病变得分来看,15%酒精组、30%酒精组肝组织脂肪变性程度与空白对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01, P<0.01)。结论 大鼠经口灌胃给予30%的普通白酒8周,可致肝损伤,结果可重复,成功建立了大鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的动物模型。     

G-CSF对亚急性脑缺血老龄鼠学习记忆改善及胶质细胞可塑性的影响

目的:研究粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对亚急性脑缺血老龄鼠认知障碍改善及大脑海马胶质细胞可塑性的影响,并分析认知改善与胶质细胞可塑性的相关性.方法:14月龄雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为2VO/NS组、Sham/NS组、2VO/G-CSF组,每组10只.利用Morris水迷宫实验评估大鼠学习记忆功能,利用免疫组化及图像分析技术检测海马CA1区的胶质细胞数目及其胞质突起长度.结果:水迷宫实验:2VO/NS组大鼠逃逸时间长于Sham/NS组(P<0.01)和2VO/G-CSF组(P<0.05);2VO/NS组大鼠停留于平台所在象限的时间少于Sham/NS(P<0.01)和2VO/G-CSF组(P<0.05);2VO/NS组大鼠跨过平台区域的次数少于Sham/NS和2VO/G-CSF组(P<0.01).免疫组化染色:2VO/NS组海马CA1区GFAP阳性细胞较Sham/NS组和2VO/G-CSF组减少(P<0.05).2VO/NS组大鼠GFAP阳性细胞胞质突起长度低于Sham/NS组和2VO/G-CSF组(P<0.05).认知功能与胶质细胞可塑性的相关性分析:2VO/NS组、Sham/NS及2VO/G-CSF组海马CA1区胶质细胞的数量、胞质突起长度的变化与空间记忆功能改善均呈正相关.结论:G-CSF可有效改善亚急性脑缺血老龄鼠的认知障碍,而其认知障碍与G-CSF干预诱导的可塑性改变密切相关.